Abstracts
2022 № 3 (36)
FORMALIZING THE PROCEDURES FOR ANALYSIS OF THE HAZARD AND PERFORMANCE OF HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Hafizov I., Shevchenko D., Kudryavsev A., Melyuseva I.
Keywords: hazard and operability analysis, key risk indicators, risk assessment algorithm, human factor impact assessment, potential damage.
The article provides a brief analysis of the existing methods of hazard and operability analysis (HAA) used at hazardous production facilities (HPO) of the oil and gas complex. The solution to the problem of preventing emergency situations is hampered by signifi-cant amounts of input diagnostic and technological information due to the lack of a sys-tematic approach to solving multifactorial safety problems, the lack of appropriate com-puterized information and control systems for monitoring synergistic risk and the corre-sponding special methodological and software data processing system, which naturally makes it difficult to adopt optimal control decisions for timely forecasting and prevention of emergencies. The article proposes and describes an approach to automated risk analysis at HIFs. During the design process, all typical and possible abnormal modes are automat-ically simulated, all possible deviations are introduced, and the output of key risk indica-tors (KRI) beyond the limits for each parameter of each element is recorded. The result is a detailed action plan to reduce risks, calculated automatically.
APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL CRITERIA TO EVALUATE THE RESULTS OF MEASURING THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES AT THE FIRE SITE
Dementiev F., Sharapov V., Ozhegov E., Mukhtarov A.
Keywords: assessment of the quality of research results, fire-technical expertise, statistical crite-ria field and laboratory methods, ultrasonic wave measurement speed.
The article proposes to evaluate the results obtained using fire-technical expertise tech-niques using statistical criteria. This approach allows us to confirm the reliability of the information received and the possibility of using various methods to identify areas of different thermal effects in a fire. When measuring the speed of passage of an ultrasonic wave using a tester for concrete control, as well as measurements of the hardness of con-crete blocks using a portable hardness tester, it was revealed that the destruction of the material does not allow the study to be carried out by acoustic method at high tempera-tures, but it is in this area that the results of the hardness study can be used for further study of samples. The quality of the measurement results was assessed based on the data obtained during the study of selected blocks exposed to high temperatures in the labora-tory. The effectiveness of this approach is proved by the example of the calculation of the Kohren and Student criteria based on the results of the study of concrete blocks by ultra-sound analysis and hardness measurement. The results allow us to recommend the con-sistent use of these methods to expand the temperature range of the informative study of concrete blocks for accurate conclusions of fire-technical experts and specialists.
ASSESSMENT OF THE TEMPERATURE OF IMPACT ON GYPSUM PUTTY BY THERMAL ANALYSIS METHODS FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF A FIRE SEA
Bezzaponnaya O., Inkina P., Dinislamov M.
Keywords: exposure temperature, fire source, gypsum putty, thermal methods of analysis, ther-mal analytical characteristics.
The article describes a methodical approach for assessing the thermal impact on the gyp-sum-based plaster composition. It has been established that it is advisable to use thermal analytical characteristics as criteria for assessing the temperature of impact on the plaster composition by thermal analysis methods: weight loss at a temperature of 200 °C and ash residue at a temperature of 900 °C. The results of applying the thermal analysis method to determine the impact temperature on the ROTBAND gypsum finishing putty.
APPLICATION OF A NEW METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FLAME RETARDANTS
Fominykh I., Paznikova S., Kosareva M.
Keywords: flame retardants, combustibility, technique, fire retardant efficiency, solutions, matches.
In the course of the work, a number of studies were carried out for choosing the object of study, which is compositions that can be used for the developed method of assessing the combustible properties of substances. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the effectiveness of industrially available means of wood fire protection. To evaluate the effectiveness of these compositions, the express method "Fire pipe" and a new method for assessing the combustible properties of substances using matches were used. The results of a comparative analysis of fire retardant efficiency when using various types of fire retardant compositions (OZS) and wood samples are reflected.
It is assumed that the application in practice of the developed methodology will make it possible to give a preliminary assessment of substances that can protect wood from the spread of flame without using labor- and material-consuming methods.
THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING THE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF INTUMESCENT FLAME RETARDANT MATERIALS
Golovina E., Khabibullina N., Krasilnikova M., Dan V.
Keywords: fire protection, flame retardant intumascent composition, thermophysical characteristics, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity.
The article outlines the problem of studying the thermophysical properties of intumascent flame-retardant coatings used at oil and gas industry facilities to protect metal structures. The analysis of the main thermophysical properties of substances and materials such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity and thermal conductivity is carried out. The features of the analyzed characteristics in relation to thermally expanding flame retardants are studied. The analysis of scientific literature is carried out and the conclusion is made about the insufficient knowledge of thermal conductivity, heat capacity and thermal conductiv-ity in relation to flame retardant materials. Examples of studies of the thermophysical properties of thermally expanding flame-retardant materials by individual authors are given and the conclusion is made that it is necessary to study the thermophysical charac-teristics of not only the flame-retardant coating itself, but also the resulting heat-insulating layer - foam at the stage of its formation, complete intumescence and the beginning of burnout. The assumption is made about the dependence of the thermophysical properties of flame retardant materials on the nature of the binder and the presence of certain com-ponents in the composition of the flame retardant coating. It is concluded that it is neces-sary to study the thermophysical characteristics of flame-retardant swelling compounds to determine their "operability".
STUDY OF THE RISKS OF FIRES DEVELOPING INTO LARGE ONES AND THE DANGERS TO PEOPLE IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE CAUSES OF LARGE FIRES
Mashtakov V., Shavyrina T., Kondashov A., Bobrinev E., Udavtsova E.
Keywords: major fires, causes of major fires, risk, death, rescued.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the risks of fires developing into large ones and the dangers to people in the structure of the causes of large fires. Analytical statistics of information from electronic databases of accounting for fires and their consequences were used for the work. The hazards to people in the structure of the causes of fire are analyzed. The distribution of large fires in the Russian Federation for 2019-2021 by causes of oc-currence has been studied. The greatest danger of fires developing into large ones is ex-plosions and malfunctions of production equipment or violations of the technological pro-cess of production. The most dangerous for people are large fires, the causes of which were: violation of the rules of the device and operation of furnaces, violation of the rules of the device and operation of vehicles, explosions, violation of the rules of the device and operation of gas equipment. It is necessary to develop new forms of organization and implementation of state and municipal control, taking into account the high risks of fire danger of objects of protection of the selected categories: furnaces, vehicles, gas equip-ment, as well as actively use technical means in production (fire alarm and automation).
INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN TEST PROCESSES FIRE ALARMS
Surina G., Poroshin A., Vasilyeva L., Surkov A.
Keywords: information systems, databases, fire alarms, certification tests, measuring instru-ments, test benches, electronic journal.
The article is devoted to the development of information systems designed to automate the processing of data arrays according to the test reports of fire alarms, as well as per-formance data on measuring instruments and test benches used in certification tests. In-formation systems presented in the form of relational databases are designed to enter, store and analyze protocols with the results of certification tests of fire detectors and the parameters of measuring instruments and test stands used in these tests. On the example of an information system for fire detectors, a description of the functioning of the main modules, as well as tables for input and output of information, is given. When developing information systems, methods of the theory of constructing algorithms and creating high-level computer programs were applied. The relational database Microsoft Access was used as a control system.
BEHAVIOR OF THE GAS PHASE IN A DESIGN ACCIDENT OF A FAST NEUTRON REACTOR
Prytkov L., Terent’ev D., Barbin N.
Keywords: beyond design basis accident, liquid metal sodium, nuclear power plant, thermody-namic modeling, gas phase, argon atmosphere.
The results of thermodynamic modeling in case of depressurization of the pipeline of the 1st loop with sodium coolant in the active zone of a fast neutron reactor obtained by the authors using the TERRA program are presented and discussed. Modeling was carried out in the temperature range from 473 to 3273 K to determine the probable composition of the gas phase formed as a result of a beyond design basis accident in an argon atmos-phere. The article presents the components of the gas phase, the content of which does not exceed 1·10 – 6 mole fraction, other compounds with a lower concentration are not considered in this work. It has been established that up to 873 K the mole fraction of argon Ar does not practically change and is about 99 %, while the concentrations of mo-lecular hydrogen H2, sodium vapor Na, sodium clusters Na2, Na3 increase due to melting and evaporation of metallic sodium. A sharp decrease in the content of molecular nitrogen is observed from 1073 K to 1173 K, after which it practically does not change. At a tem-perature of 1173 K and above, thermal destruction of sodium Na2 and Na3 clusters occurs, and sodium Na vapor becomes the main component of the gas phase. At a temperature of 1873 K, there is an increase in the content of ionized sodium vapor Na+ and a decrease in the concentration of sodium hydride.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MECHANISM OF PROPERTY FIRE INSURANCE AS A METHOD OF IMPROVING THE CONTROL AND SUPERVISORY ACTIVITIES OF THE MINISTRY OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF RUSSIA
Sharhun S., Gorb V., Mokrousova O., Ponomarev A., Smolnikov M., Lemenkov M.
Keywords: fire insurance, fire safety, model of interaction of subjects, insurance company, su-pervisory activities, risk-based approach, public policy, state fire supervision.
In article basic normative documents defining bases of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of fire safety for the period till 2030 are analyzed, problems in sphere of the organization of the federal state fire supervision are considered and the pro-ject of improvement of activity on introduction of the mechanism of fire protection insur-ance within the limits of realization of the risk-oriented approach in supervision activity is offered. Periods of realization of the offered project of activity are determined, for each period the basic contents and subjects of activity are determined. Models of interaction of subjects of activity among themselves for the corresponding period are offered. Condi-tions are formulated, under which participants of economic activity will be interested in fulfillment of requirements of normative documents on fire safety, herewith economic mechanisms of regulation, instead of possible administrative responsibility will act as the basic stimulating method.
The mechanism of regulation of relations in the control and supervisory activities in the field of fire safety is proposed, which will reduce the administrative and financial burden on business entities with unconditional compliance with fire safety requirements, and in some cases exclude the interaction of economic entities with the state fire supervision, thereby creating conditions for the use of self-regulation mechanism of relations between subjects in this area.
ASSESSMENT OF FIRE-FIGHTING DISTANCES FROM A BURNING CAR IN A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Khasanov I., Zuev S.
Keywords: car fire, heat flow, fire breaks, prevention of fire spread.
Calculations of fire breaks are based on determining the magnitude of the heat flow and were carried out at different distances to the burning car, taking into account the effects of wind. The maximum value of the heat flow in a car fire is observed when the fuel tank is damaged and the subsequent ignition of a gasoline spill. As a result of the calculations, the values of the intensity of thermal radiation are obtained depending on the distance at different values of wind load. It was found that with a wind of more than 5 m/s in the direction of the facade of a residential building, the maximum value of the incident heat flow (12.5 kW/ m2) from a burning gasoline spill can be exceeded at distances of 10 m from the parking lot.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO SUBSTANTIATING THE RATIONAL OPTION OF RECRUITING SPECIAL FORMATIONS OF CIVIL DEFENSE RESERVISTS
Mazanik A., Freidenberg A., Kairbekov K.
Keywords: rational option, reservist, special formations, training, a citizen staying in reserve.
The article considers one of the possible approaches for determining the positions of spe-cial civil defense formations, which it is advisable to staff with citizens who are in reserve, under a contract. A formalized statement of the task of recruiting positions of special formations under the contract was made. The novelty of the research lies in the substantiation of a new formulation of a scientific task, which differs from the known ones by the type of the target function and the fact that it takes into account a number of new factors, the main of which are: the contribution of positions of special civil defense formations with scarce military accounting specialties to the level of training, taking into account the importance of the assigned tasks and the initial level of training of citizens arriving from reserves for recruitment into special civil defense formations and those with scarce and technically complex military accounting specialties. The possibility of its use in the activities of the management bodies of Emercom of Russia and the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan is considered.
2022 № 2 (35)
PROTECTION OF SETTLEMENTS OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION FROM FOREST FIRES ON THE BASIS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THEIR DETECTION METHODS
Krektunov A., Efimov I., Zalesov S., Sekerin I.,
Keywords: settlement, threat of forest fire, source of information about forest fire, share of detection of forest fires, monitoring of the fire-prevention state of forests.
The paper analyzes data on methods for detecting forest fires in the Sverdlovsk region for the period from 2017 to 2021. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of various methods for detecting forest fires in small areas, and a number of measures are proposed to improve the protection of settlements from forest fires.
ANALYSIS OF THE RADIATION HAZARD OF RADIONUCLIDES PRESENT IN RADIOACTIVE GRAPHITE
Devyatkin N., Barbin N.,
Keywords: radionuclide, radioactive graphite, minimally significant activity, radiation hazard group, decay reactions.
The article presents a number of radionuclides present in radioactive graphite; the classification of radionuclides present in radioactive graphite to various groups of radiation hazard is carried out; the main properties of radionuclides are indicated; comparative diagrams on indicators of radiation properties of radionuclides of various groups of radiation hazard are presented; a systematic analysis of the main radiation properties of radionuclides of various groups of radiation hazard is carried out; characteristic reactions of decay of radionuclides are given of various groups of radiation hazard; visual schemes of the location of radionuclides of various groups of radiation hazard in radioactive graphite are proposed, according to the danger to human life and health; the most dangerous radionuclides for human life and health for each group of radiation hazard are identified.
ANALYSIS OF THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE FIRE SAFETY SYSTEM WITH THE ARCHITECTURAL AND SPATIAL COMPOSITION IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF A HISTORIC BUILDING
Gravit M., Tsepova A.
Keywords: fire safety, historical building, special technical conditions, adaptation, cultural heritage, fire protection measures.
The fire protection system in historical buildings is based on unique special technical solutions with a complex of fire protection measures. The article considers the problem of discrepancy between the requirements of the security obligation and the normative documents in the field of fire safety when adjusting a historical building for modern use. Emphasis is laid on the lack of requirements for security in the renovated buildings-monuments. The most applied architectural and planning solutions for the reconstruction of historical buildings which increase the architectural and investment attractiveness but have an impact on the evacuation of people are given. The measures to reduce the individual fire risk and to ensure fire safety of the historical building – the House of the Insurance Society "Russia", a cultural heritage object of federal importance, adapted as a business centre - are listed. The requirements of special technical specifications of this object of protection considered in the article can serve to form a section of the normative document in the field of fire safety in relation to historical objects adapted for modern operation.
PROVIDING THERMAL REGIME WHEN OPERATING TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
Barbin N., Borodin A., Kuanishev V., Sannikov A., Schneider A.
Keywords: thermal field, heat equation, mathematical modeling, finite difference method.
The influence of thermal processes on the operation of telecommunication equipment, which determine the reliable operation of the equipment, is investigated. Mathematical and computer modeling of thermal processes in individual elements of equipment is carried out on the basis of a non-stationary heat conduction equation.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MODERN MEANS OF FIRE PROTECTION OF STEEL STRUCTURES FOR OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY FACILITIES IN THE ARCTIC REGION
Golovina E.
Keywords: fire protection equipment, oil and gas industry facilities, Arctic zone, structural fire protection, intumescent flame retardants.
The article presents an overview of modern means of fire protection of steel structures for oil and gas industry facilities in the Arctic climate. The climatic features of the Arctic zone affecting the choice of fire protection method are considered. The requirements for flame-retardant materials used at oil and gas facilities in the Arctic region are highlighted. The characteristics of the main types of modern means of fire protection are given, their main advantages and disadvantages are determined. The criteria for determining the type of fire protection are highlighted. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of intumescent flame retardants based on epoxy resins for use in industrial enterprises located in the Arctic region. A comparative analysis of epoxy thermally expanding compositions was carried out and a conclusion was made about the higher technical and fire-resistant characteristics of imported fire-protective materials.
APPLICATION OF AN CONVENTIONAL FIRE ALARM SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF NEW REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Borodin A., Shnajder A., Maksimova A., Karasev E.
Keywords: fire alarm system, non-addressable fire detector, failure occurrence, self-testing function.
The article presents the results of the analysis of new regulatory requirements for fire alarm systems. With the introduction of SP 484.1311500.2020, the requirements for determining the minimum number non-addressable fire detectors in a room when implementing the two-threshold algorithm for generating the "Fire" signal (algorithm C) have been relaxed. In fact, the situation is such that strict adherence to current regulatory requirements can lead to a decrease in the probability of trouble-free operation of the fire alarm system. This is possible because control panels can record not all malfunctions of non-addressable fire detectors. To confirm this, a list of technical causes of such malfunctions is given. The previous regulatory requirements assumed the possibility of using non-addressable fire detectors with a self-diagnostic function, which made it possible to reduce the minimum number of detectors and, in some cases, optimize the cost of a fire alarm system. Currently, such a possibility is not assumed by the standards, which unreasonably narrows the scope of non-addressable fire detectors with a self-diagnosis function. In conclusion, the article formulates options for increasing the probability of trouble-free operation non-addressable fire alarm systems when implementing a two-threshold algorithm for generating the "Fire" signal.
ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF FIRE SAFETY SUPERVISION IN THE TERRITORY OF THE MUNICIPALITY: MAIN PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Kaplan Ya., Latypov R., Ruchkin A.
Keywords: fire safety, supervisory and preventive activities, fire state of objects, scheduled and unscheduled inspections, objects of control, risk categories, risk-oriented approach, municipality.
The presented article analyzes the activities of the department of supervisory and preventive activities of Yekaterinburg Municipality on fire safety in the territory of municipal formation taking into account the requirements for implementation of control and supervisory activities in the area under consideration. Authors review and the analysis of operating standard legal acts in considered subjects, the basic administrative and organizational characteristics on a research range are defined. The basic organizational, legal and logistical problems in the activity of the department were determined. On the basis of the received data the problem points of work with the population, legal entities requiring special attention due to a significant number of offences were determined. The authors analyze both the types and number of control and supervisory measures in the sphere of fire safety, and the types of preventive measures taken, as well as actions implemented after the fact of non-compliance with mandatory fire safety requirements. Statistical analysis, comparison, retrospective analysis were used as the main methods of research. The recommendations aimed at solving the identified problems and resolving contradictions (conflicts) of legislative nature have been developed. The authors suppose that it is necessary to update normative acts in the field of fire safety with solution of their contradictions.
FIRE SAFETY OF CATALYTIC REFORMING
Aksenov S., Yapparov R., Kuleshova E.
Keywords: fire safety, catalytic reforming, oil refineries, high-octane gasoline, petrochemical industry, catalyzate.
The purpose of the article is a theoretical analysis of the fire safety of catalytic reforming. The article uses methods of theoretical analysis, systematization and generalization. The paper considers the main factors affecting fire safety in catalytic reforming installations. It is determined that in modern oil refining production it is necessary to use methods to control the modes of catalytic reforming. This is due to the assessment of the fire hazard of combustible substances in the gaseous and liquid state. The measures to ensure fire safety in workshops with the installation of catalytic reforming are listed.
DETERMINATION OF THE REQUIRED FIRE RESISTANCE LIMITS OF BUILDING STRUCTURES OF FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX FACILITIES
Kalach A., Bryukhov E., Klementiev B.
Keywords: probability approach, fire resistance rating, evacuation time, passive fire protection, rescue time, fire-resistance, fire safety regulations, building structural.
In practice, a method has been implemented for determining the required fire resistance limits, based on a probabilistic approach – on comparing the estimated time of evacuation / rescue time for personnel in case of a fire at a fuel and energy complex (FEC) facility and the fire resistance limit of building structures, as well as on the right of the owner of a hazardous production facility to risk their own property subject to mandatory compliance with the requirements of part 3 of article 93 of the Federal Law № 123-FZ dated July 22, 2008 «Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements».
STUDY OF THE PROBLEM OF TRANSPORTING BREATHING APPARATUS WITH COMPRESSED AIR PTS "PROFI-270M"
Khabibullina N., Khabibullin I., Golovina E., Lazarev I., Oparin I.
Keywords: breathing apparatus with compressed air, means of individual respiratory protection, compressed air, transportation of AHES, malfunctions of AHES at low temperatures.
The article is devoted to the current problem of transportation of breathing apparatus with compressed air (hereinafter referred to as SCBA) in a two-cylinder design to the place of fire. The experience of solving the issue of transporting DASW on their own by colleagues from the Arkhangelsk region was reviewed. An analysis was made of the market for insulating compressed air devices. Based on the analysis performed, it can be concluded that domestic manufacturers of breathing apparatus can compete with world-famous companies such as Dräger. The main production characteristics of the breathing apparatus of JSC "PTS" and its modification PTS "Profi-270M" are indicated. The information about the most probable malfunctions of breathing apparatuses when they are used at negative ambient temperatures is presented. The main attention in the material of the article is given to the solution of an actual problem. The process of manufacturing a rack, using improvised material, for the transportation of a double-cylinder fire extinguisher for the main and special fire trucks of the Yekaterinburg fire and rescue garrison is described in detail. At the end of the article, the world experience of DAS transportation is considered. Several options for solving the problem under consideration at the initial stage of designing the main and special fire trucks are proposed.
ONE THE ISSUE OF THE PERMISSIBLE TIME OF EMERGENCY RESCUE OPERATIONS IN PERSONAL RESPIRATORY PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
Alekseev M., Stepanov O., Khudyakova S., Udichev A.
Keywords: gas-smoke protection service, gas-smoke protection, personal protective equipment, time of emergency rescue operations, time of work in personal respiratory protection equipment.
The article deals with the issues of the activities of the forces and means of the gas-smoke protection service in an environment unsuitable for breathing and conditions affecting the performance of the gas-smoke protection. The authors' current research on the issue of the time of emergency rescue operations in personal respiratory protection equipment is considered. Some aspects of the preparation of gas and smoke protectors and their impact on the time of work in personal protective equipment of respiratory organs are analyzed. The article analyzes the influence of psychological training of gas and smoke defenders at training sessions, exercises and in fire conditions. The paper reflects the results of experiments: on the mechanism of operation of GDZS links during protracted fires at industrial facilities lasting more than 2 hours; on the search, finding and rescue of an "injured" adult and child; on the search, finding and rescue of victims in shopping centers. The paper considers the modeling and computational justification of the tactical capabilities of the GDZS units as primary units engaged in fire reconnaissance and rescue of victims. The methods of evaluation by personnel of the remaining time of work in personal protective equipment of respiratory organs in fire conditions are given.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CATEGORY OF BOILER ROOM PREMISES FOR EXPLOSION AND FIRE HAZARD
Permyakov V., Martynovich V., Khayrullina L.,
Keywords: boiler room, category of explosion and fire hazard, fire safety, natural gas, explosion protection.
The article discusses the features of determining the category of boiler room premises for explosion and fire hazard, as well as the analysis of the requirements of the current regulatory legal acts imposed on the boiler room. The closure of the shut-off valve installed on the supply gas pipeline, the activation of emergency ventilation and the implementation of other measures aimed at ensuring the fire safety of the boiler room, occurs by a signal coming from the gas analyzer. However, at the time of fixation by the gas analyzer of the appropriate concentration, the amount of combustible gas in the room reaches a value, during the explosion of which an excess pressure of more than 5 kPa may occur. Based on the analyzed material, conclusions are drawn about the need to classify the boiler room to category «A» in terms of explosion and fire hazard in cases where additional measures have not been implemented to reduce the amount of combustible gas entering the room and classify the room to less explosive and fire-hazardous categories. The need to classify the traditional boiler room to category «A» in terms of explosion and fire hazard is also evidenced by the requirements of regulatory legal acts regarding the mandatory equipping of their easily removable structures, as well as the implementation of all electrical equipment in explosion-proof execution. In addition to the measures previously presented by the specialists of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, additional measures have been proposed, the implementation of which will allow the premises to be classified as less explosive and fire-hazardous categories.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPABILITIES OF INDIVIDUAL MODELS OF BREATHING APPARATUS WITH COMPRESSED AIR IN THE FIGHT AGAINST FIRES AND IN THE ELIMINATION OF EMERGENCIES AT CHEMICALLY HAZARDOUS FACILITIES. RESULTS OF RESEARCH WORK
Vishnyakov A., Muraev N., Shishikin P., Loginov V., Ponukalin A., Osipchuk A.
Keywords: breathing apparatus with compressed air, personal protective equipment of the respiratory organs, training, formation, chemically hazardous object, emergency.
In this article, the authors present the results of a scientific study, the purpose of which was to determine the most promising model of modern means for protecting personnel of the gas and smoke protection service when extinguishing fires, as well as civil defense units operating in emergency situations with the release of hazardous chemicals and fires, by comparing performance indicators of established trainings for working with them in the process of training cadets of the Ural Institute of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia.
2022 № 1 (34)
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE APPLICATION OF THE RELIABILITY INDICATOR OF FIRE AUTOMATION, AS A WAY TO REDUCE FIRE AND INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Korolev D.
Keywords: fire safety, process, control, reliability, power transfers.
The world community encourages the maximum to quickly implement the energy transition from the extraction and consumption of minerals to clean fuels and low-carbon technological processes, in particular to the use of hydrogen. Since the latter is a chemically active substance, in pure form, not occurring in nature, can easily join the reaction of interaction with various materials, including with tanks for storage or transportation. In addition, this substance is particularly explosive and requires a flexible approach to the development of a fire safety system, which means that the relevance of the topic is no doubt. In this paper, the issue of studying the criteria for the reliability and reliability of fire automation, which carries out the control of particularly explosive technological processes. It has been established that after one year round-the-clock use of the system, its service life is reduced by more than 30%, and by the end of the fifth year it will be necessary to replace individual elements.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM OF AN OIL REFINERY USING FRACTAL ANALYSIS
Nafikova E., Alexandrov D., Martynova O., Akhmetshin R., Chuvashaeva K.
Keywords: wastewater, maximum allowable concentration, pollutants, best available technologies, multiplicity of exceeding the allowable concentration, degree of purification, treatment facilities, fractal analysis, fractal dimension.
The article studies the method of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of wastewater treatment for oil refinery treatment facilities using fractal analysis. Comparative indicators are the fractal dimension values of the compasses-diagrams fields of the multiplicity of exceeding the MPC by wastewater pollutants.
STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING THE GRAVIMETRIC METHOD TO research THE EFFICIENCY OF FLAME RETARDANT COMPOUNDS
Dobrynina N., Paznikova S., Yakubova T., Koksharov A.
Keywords: gravimetric method, fire tests, loss of sample mass, fire retardant efficiency, thermal destruction of wood.
The article presents the results of the gravimetric method for the study of the of flame retardant compounds efficiency. The developed method is an express method. It is based on the use of the «Fire Pipe» installation for the initial evaluation of the flame retardant compounds efficiency. Unlike the conventional installation, the modified one allows to study the loss of the sample mass by time. Industrial flame retardants of groups I and II with a different action mechanism were used. The results of the research correspond with the manufacturer's claimed efficiency of flame retardants, which enables to judge about the possibility of using the suggested method.
DEVELOPING THE CONCEPT OF RISK IN THE FIELD OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT AT THE CURRENT STAGE. PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Kononenko E., Mokrousova O., Cherkasskiy G., Sharhun S.
Keywords: risk, concepts of risk and uncertainty, risk management, changes in the legal framework, risk-based approach, fire safety management.
The article is devoted to the analysis of some aspects of technical regulation in the field of fire safety, affected by significant changes in 2021. Currently the risk-based approach in technical regulation and safety assurance is becoming more and more relevant and widely used. In parallel with the development of theoretical aspects, experience is gained in the practical use of risk assessment, which is reflected in regulatory legal acts and standardization documents. The regulatory framework for establishing mandatory technical safety requirements is being intensively updated, and there is a risk of using outdated documents.
PROBLEMS OF FIRE SAFETY AND SCENARIO MODELING OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FIRE-HAZARDOUS SITUATION ON AN OIL TANKER
Laurent N., Kalach A.
Keywords: oil tankers, petroleum products, transportation, modeling, fire safety, fire.
The article discusses the current problems of ensuring fire safety at the facilities of the oil and gas complex. Scenario modeling of the occurrence of a fire-hazardous situation and the development of fires on oil tankers was carried out. The results of the behavioral scenario modeling of the development of a fire-hazardous situation on an oil tanker during oil bottling on an area of 20 m2 (in a technological pallet) that leaked from a pumping pump using the CITYS program are presented.: Block" based on the CFAST module, which implements a two-zone model of heat and mass transfer in case of fires. The simulation time was 600 s, the initial temperature was 20 oC, the condition of the doors and openings is 100% and remains unchanged. Based on the simulation results of the scenario under consideration, it was found that the blocking time is 14 seconds. Special attention is paid by the authors to the analysis of data on the places of occurrence of fires at facilities associated with the storage, transportation and processing of oil and petroleum products.
Based on the analysis, processing of statistical data, it is concluded that fires on ships carrying petroleum products are protracted, ending in complete burnout of petroleum products. It is concluded that it is necessary to use the results obtained in the development of measures to improve the quality of fire safety at oil industry facilities.
FEATURES OF THE RESPONSE OF THE FORCES AND MEANS OF FIRE DIVISIONS ON FLOODPLAIN FIRES IN THE RIVER BASINS OF THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS OKRUG - UGRA
Morozova A., Stepanov O., Nazarov S., Udichev A.
Keywords: fire, forces and means, floodplain, extinguishing.
The features of floodplain natural fires are considered as a variety of landscape fires that are especially relevant in the geographical and climatic conditions of the region. Causes and factors influencing the occurrence and development of floodplain fires are considered. Various economic, social, environmental and other consequences of floodplain natural fires are evaluated. The current and prospective delineations on the response of forces and means of fire and rescue units, forest fire formations and volunteer forces are given. A model of the actions of operational combined detachments (groups) of fire and rescue forces is proposed and a description of the exercises conducted in order to develop this model in order to increase the efficiency of response to a floodplain natural fire and create opportunities for forcing measures to localize it and eliminate its consequences is presented. During the verification (testing) of the model the issue of intensifying the interaction of various equipment and various forces of different subordination was worked out. The proposed model emphasizes on measures to prevent the spread of floodplain fire and its likely transition from a less dangerous to a more threatening locality, the health and lives of people living in it and the material values located in it. In this model it is provided and stipulated as mandatory, if it is available, to conduct an aerial survey of floodplain fires due to the possibility of their rapid spread, as well as the involvement of firefighters-parachutists to localize certain distant small seats of fire that can provoke further development of the fire. The description of extinguishing a floodplain fire typical for the region, where the actions of various forces, means and formations were carried out according to the proposed and previously developed model, is given. Conclusions that are based on the real application of the proposed model on the dynamic indicators of the response system to floodplain fires, while taking into account the problem of the lack of road accessibility of the fire center due to the properties of the ground and soils are given. The application of the model really made it possible to attract sufficient and necessary forces and means of responding to a floodplain fire to extinguish a floodplain fire in the shortest possible time.
CREATION OF A PORTABLE TWO-PHASE FIRE EXTINGUISHING DEVICE WITH HIGH-SPEED SUPLY OFEXTINGUISHING LIQUID
Pakhomov G., Tuzhikov E.
Keywords: fire extinguishing device, liquid atomization, fire extinguishing liquid, flow rate, spray pressure, weight efficiency, work efficiency.
Based on the selection and analysis of boundary conditions for portable fire extinguishing devices with high-speed supply of extinguishing fluid (OTG), a fire extinguishing device has been created that surpasses the existing analogues in basic characteristics. The created device has the smallest structural mass and the highest values: the consumption of OTG, the capacity of the container for OTG and the weight efficiency. In the course of the study, the dependence of the maximum theoretical water-air flow rate on the spray pressure was obtained. Based on the revealed dependencies, optimal values were established: spray pressure, water/air flow rates and their mass ratio. During the experimental study, the corresponding flow sections in the water/air mixing chamber and the geometric characteristics of the spray nozzle were found, at which the experimental water-air flow rate was maximum. The values of the feed rate and the efficiency of the created device are the maximum among the previously studied devices.
PERSPECTIVE APPEARANCE AND MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF A FIRST AID FIRE TRUCK ON THE BASE CHASSIS OF AN AMPHIBIOUS ALL - TERRAIN VEHICLE
Tararykin A., Kalach A.
Keywords: amphibious all-terrain vehicle, fire truck, extinguishing, EMERCOM of Russia.
The article provides an analysis of the modern information market on the tactical and technical characteristics of all-terrain vehicles used to eliminate the consequences of emergency situations. It is shown that the comparative table for many basic technical characteristics is the leader of the amphibious all-terrain vehicle on the Burlak chassis. A promising appearance is presented in the form of a diagram and the main characteristics of a first aid fire truck on a light-class chassis, equipped with a pumping unit, containers for liquid extinguishing agents and intended for delivery to the place of fire (accident) of personnel, fire-technical weapons and equipment, carrying out actions in extinguishing fires in the initial stage and priority rescue operations. As a pumping unit, it is proposed to use a portable high-pressure motor pump of the Fire-Skid type.
The design of the projected fire truck was considered as a complex open system, which necessitates the creation of additional conditions for the information provision of the fire extinguishing manager with prompt access to information about the key parameters of the operation of both the entire system and its individual elements. The proposed design of a first aid fire truck based on a light autonomous amphibious all-terrain vehicle with low-pressure tires is suitable for operation in Arctic conditions.
MODERN METHODS OF USING TACTICAL VENTILATION IN CASE OF FIRES IN FENCES
Karapuzikov A., Gorelik A., Dyakov M., Dyakov V., Popova S., Kuzmenko A.
Keywords: loss of life, fire hazards, fire, tactical ventilation.
This article provides statistical data on the deaths of people in fires over the past five years, and also discusses their main causes. The problematic issue of effective management of gas exchange in case of fire in fences is highlighted. The features of the use of tactical ventilation, as well as the means for its implementation, are considered. The main tactical and technical characteristics, purpose and scope of application of special technical means for regulating gas exchange in case of fires in fences used in tactical ventilation are presented. The situations confirming the successful use of tactical ventilation are described, as well as recommendations are given when the use of these means will be considered ineffective.
DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DRAFTING TEXT FOR VOICE WARNING DURING FIRE
Chumakov N., Cheranyova I., Ens М.
Keywords: warning and evacuation control system (WECS), voice notification, evacuation, voice message about fire, places of mass accumulation of people.
In this work, the perception by people of a voice warning about a fire in places of mass accumulation of people depending on the broadcast message was investigated. The study was conducted using the example of an office building. During the work, the requirements for warning and evacuation control systems in force in the Russian Federation were analyzed. The speech formulas most characteristic of attracting attention were chosen considering the features of people's perception of speech information. Based on the selected formulas, several different versions of voice messages were compiled. Men and women of different ages were chosen to record voice messages. The messages contained a different amount of information about the event and instructions for further actions. Then a questionnaire was conducted among office workers on the perception of these messages. Based on the analysis of the requirements for the warning and evacuation management systems and the results of the questionnaire, recommendations were proposed for drafting a text for the voice warning system. The recommendations developed during the study are aimed at improving the efficiency of voice notification, achieving unambiguous human perception of the transmitted information, and optimizing the evacuation process.
APPLICATION OF THE THERMAL ANALYSIS METHOD IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF THERMOPLASTICS AND REACTOPASTICS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF FIRE AND TECHNICAL EXPERTISE
Bezzaponnay О., Khabibova K.
Keywords: polymeric materials; thermoplastics, thermoplastics, melting, thermal analysis method; secondary fires.
The results of thermal analysis of thermoplastic polymers capable of initiating the occurrence of secondary fires under conditions of high temperatures are presented. The features characteristic of thermoplastic polymers with a high degree of crystallinity and of amorphous thermoplastic polymers, which are necessary for the differentiation of polymers, have been determined within the framework of fire-technical examinatio. The results of the study of the melting process of polymers of various chemical nature make it possible to identify polymers. The identification of such materials can provide an answer to the question of the causes of ignition when working out versions of secondary fires.
ON SOME APPROACHES TO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF THE ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN THE FIELD OF ENSURING FIRE SAFETY OF MUNICIPALITIES
Makarkin S., Vorobyova E., Shchetkin O., Krylov A.
Keywords: assessment of the effectiveness of activities by the local self-government body, performance evaluation indicators, provision of primary fire safety measures, quantitative values of the main fire risks, unified methodological approaches to the organization of monitoring.
The article analyzes the provisions of legislative and other normative legal acts, regulating the procedure and criteria for evaluating the performance efficiency of local self-government bodies. It is established that none of them determines the provision of primary fire safety measures as an area of activity to be evaluated by local authorities, although this type of activity, in accordance with federal legislation, is a matter of local importance for municipalities.
The analysis of scientific works, devoted to the research of issues associated with the use of modern methods of evaluation the effectiveness of the performance of local governments, including works dedicated to the assessment of work on the evaluation of municipal fire safety, is carried out. Some previous and existing approaches to assessment of the performance of local governments in different areas are described. Their objectives, tasks, objects of the methodology, criteria and order of evaluation are specified.
The author’s approach to the assessment of the effectiveness of local self-government in the field of primary fire safety measures of municipalities is proposed. Key indicators and indicators of the efficiency and effectiveness of local authorities in providing primary fire safety measures are identified.
EFFECTIVE ALGORITHMS FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING OF DETECTORS OF DYNAMIC RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
Sergeev I., Valuev N.
Keywords: radioactivity detection, radionuclides, variable radiation background, control zone, detector, dynamic radiation monitoring.
One of the problems in the field of ensuring radiation safety is the detection of illegal movement of nuclear and radioactive materials. Such a problem can be solved by using dynamic radiation monitoring systems based on the use of highly sensitive dynamic radiation monitoring systems.
When using the classical mode of signal processing of the detectors, there is a high probability of not detecting sources of ionizing radiation, the signal amplitude of which is lower than the signal attenuation value of the vehicle.
The article presents various efficient algorithms for processing information from radiation detectors in radioactivity detection systems. The algorithms include differential and differential signal detection modes, the simultaneous operation of which ensures the detection of radioactive sources, the signal amplitude of which is less than background changes when a vehicle with a source passes through the control zone.
The use of the proposed algorithms makes it possible to detect local radioactive contamination of the material, located both closer to the center of the vehicle body, even in cases where the absolute value of the change in the detector signal introduced by the vehicle exceeds the signal from radioactive contamination of the material, and in the case of a source signal that does not located in the center of the transport, even though the background changes rapidly due to the rapid movement of the vehicle.
2021 № 4 (33)
THE INFLUENCE OF THE AGE OF THE WITNESS AND HIS PSYCHOPHYSICAL STATE ON THE PREDICTION OF THE INTERVIEW TIME IN THE INVESTIGATION OF FIRES
Karpov S.
Keywords: personnel resource management, forecasting the number of interrogators, fire investigation, fire, age groups, psychophysiological features when interviewing witnesses, periodization, time of interviewing witnesses.
The article analyzes the influence of the age of an eyewitness (witness) of a fire on the time of his interview, taking into account the current legislation, the peculiarities of the psychophysiological state. The issues of periodization of age groups during the interview (interrogation) of eyewitnesses in the framework of investigations of fires are touched upon. The classification (periodization) of age groups is proposed when predicting the time of interviewing eyewitnesses at the fire site with elasticity coefficients. Based on the analysis, processing of statistical and expert data, it is concluded that the main category of respondents in a fire (more than 90 %) belongs to the age range from 18 to 60 years. Taking into account the psychophysiological characteristics of people of this age, it can be argued that the proposed age interval in periodization is optimal in terms of the speed of production of procedural actions and the probability of obtaining reliable and sufficient information. It is shown that the prediction of the time required for the implementation of procedural actions at the fire site contributes to the optimization of personnel resources and, in general, to improving the quality of fire investigation.
FEATURES OF TESTING FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF THE INTERNAL FIRE-FIGHTING WATER PIPE WITH SEVERAL SIMULTANEOUSLY OPERATING FIRE FUNCTIONS
Baranchikova N., Kalinin I., Kryshkin P., Tsvetkov V.
Keywords: internal fire-fighting water supply, operability, fire hydrant, fire nozzle, water loss, hydraulic calculation, non-fixed selection, head, pressure.
In the Russian Federation, the number of people killed in fires in residential, public and industrial buildings annually amounts to several thousand people, and the material damage exceeds 10 billion rubles. A significant part of people die in fires in buildings equipped with an internal fire-fighting water supply system, which is rarely used. One of the reasons for this situation is that the internal fire-fighting water supply system is inoperative. It is proposed to supplement and somewhat change the existing method for testing the internal fire-fighting water supply, for the case when two or more fire jets must be used when extinguishing a fire. In this case, in addition to the fluid loss tests, which can be carried out only for one fire hydrant, when several simultaneously operating jets are required, it is necessary to carry out hydraulic calculations for fluid loss, taking into account the test results. In this case, a real opportunity appears to simulate the most difficult and unlikely situations, which are practically impossible to reproduce during testing. If disc diaphragms are installed in the fire extinguishing system at fire hydrants, then the volume of tests increases significantly, and it is difficult to obtain objective information about the performance of the fire extinguishing system. The proposed approach allows us to solve this problem as well.
FEATURES OF STATISTICAL ACCOUNTING OF FIRES OF RUSSIA
Maistrenko E., Zhogal U., Udichev A.
Keywords: fire accounting, fire statistics, safety, fire, fire safety.
The article considers the features of statistical accounting of fires and their consequences on the territory of the Russian Federation. The authors pay attention to the different criteria in the accounting of fires and introduced modifications during the last decades. In modern history of Russian fire service highlighted four periods, the differences are shown in the conditions for accounting of fire statistics. Low confidence proved in the conduct scientific research, which are based on a comparison of statistical indicators for accounting for fires and their consequences in different historical periods. At the same time, necessity conducting the analysis based on statistical data doesn't disappear anywhere. Conversely, management decisions in the field of fire safety, the development of forms and methods for protecting people from the effects of dangerous fire factors, and the protection of buildings and structures from the outbreak of fire require new solutions. To this end, the authors propose to combine in the third historical period such concepts as «fire» and «tanning» and analyze them in total. It is proposed to introduce the criterion «exposure to hazardous factors of fire on a person», combining two concepts, such as «loss of life» and «number of people injured» in fires.
ELEMENTS OF A RISK-BASED APPROACH TO DIVIDING THE POPULATION INTO RISK GROUPS USED IN TRAINING, FIRE PREVENTION PROPAGANDA AND AGITATION
Prus Yu., Chistyakov A., Volodchenkova V., Chistyakova A., Volchenkov R.
Keywords: population risk groups, fire safety, visual agitation, propaganda, training, symbol, signs, color.
The approaches to conducting fire-fighting agitation, propaganda and training among the population are analyzed, the organization and conduct of which should be based on taking into account the psychophysiological characteristics of the population distributed by risk groups. At the same time, the use of a risk-based approach will allow to achieve a reduction in financial costs with the optimal use of labor and material resources, will increase the efficiency of work in the field of fire prevention propaganda, agitation and training.
DETERMINATION OF SAFE DISTANCES OF EXPOSURE TO THERMAL RADIATION IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE SPILLING OIL PRODUCTS
Bakirov I., Khafizov F., Khusnutdinova S.
Keywords: thermal radiation, specific mass rate of burnup, one-component substance, fuel mixture, average surface intensity of thermal radiation of a flame.
The value of the specific mass burnup rate is used to calculate the intensity of thermal radiation to predict the risks of spill fires at production facilities. The value of the intensity of thermal radiation is important for determining safe distances in the event of exposure to people, industrial buildings, structures and equipment of thermal radiation.
Currently specific mass burnup values are given in various reference materials for a limited number of liquid hydrocarbons. When calculating the desired value using the existing formulas it becomes necessary to calculate the values of the specific heats of combustion and evaporation and the specific heat capacity of a substance. These indicators can be found in reference materials not for all substances, and the process of calculating them is quite laborious. In addition the process of combustion of complex hydrocarbon fuels is significantly different due to the gradual burnout of individual fractions in their composition. Therefore for fuel mixtures the calculation should be made taking into account the change in density and temperature during the combustion process.
At the same time it is need to investigate the practical application of calculating the values of the specific mass burnup rate in order to improve the existing method for determining the fire safety distances.
DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE GEOINFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM OF NATURAL AND MAN-MADE THREATS IN THE ARCTIC REGION
Sysoeva T., Kalach A., Lobova S., Porkhachev M.
Keywords: monitoring, Arctic zone, accident, EMERCOM of Russia, geoinformation systems.
To create a monitoring system based on a Geographical Information System, it is necessary to: develop regional unified methodological approaches to the collection and analysis of information (a set of indicators taking into account natural features and the technosphere and the region); to develop plans and programs to ensure safety in the territory of responsibility of the Arctic Integrated Emergency Rescue Center of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia to make analytical and predictive results of information processing the basis for making specific decisions; to scientifically substantiate the placement of points and the formation of monitoring programs in accordance with local conditions, allowing to formulate conclusions about the level of danger; to expand the system to include the collection and analysis of information about natural and man-made factors and possible consequences of their mutual influence; to establish communication with the indigenous population through elders and organize their training in terms of tracking indicators; to intensify work with schools taking into account the experience of Alaska. It is proposed to intensify the introduction of digital and geoinformation technologies into the practice of the Arctic Integrated Emergency Rescue Center of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, which will improve the quality of analytical processing of data on natural and man-made threats in the territory of responsibility of this center.
INTENSIFICATION OF THE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS AT THE UNIT TO PROVIDE THE NEEDS OF THE POPULATION WITH WATER IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF A NATURAL CHARACTER
Shirniekh A.
Keywords: water treatment, coagulation, contact chamber, drinking water, mechanical filter, mobile unit.
Providing the population with water in natural emergencies can become one of the main issues in saving lives. The frequency of natural disasters increases every year. To solve this issue, the author has developed a mobile water purification unit, which is capable of purifying water to drinking quality. It includes the most advanced water treatment approaches. A number of experiments have been carried out aimed at identifying ways to intensify the process of water treatment. Some designs have been improved with the help of computer simulation. The unit is housed in a trailer and can move freely in the disaster area. In order not to cause panic and crush on the victims in the queue for water, several such installations can be deployed in different locations for temporary accommodation of people. The installation is completely autonomous, and the nearest source of any quality can act as a source of water.
INFLUENCE OF LIFE QUALITY INDEX TO MAIN INDICATORS OF THE FIRE SITUATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Shterenzon V., Khudyakova S., Stepanov O., Grenaderov A.
Keywords: fire, fire safety, number of fires, death toll, material damage, quality of life index, statistical modeling, correlation.
The relevance of this work is determined by the need for a comprehensive study of factors that have a significant impact to the fires situation indicators. The task of predicting fires situation indicators is very difficult, but invariably very urgent. In this work, the authors investigate the correlation between the main fires situation indicators in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the region’s life quality index in 2013-2019 years. A middle correlation was found between the fire’s quantity and the life quality index, as well as between material damage and the life quality index. No correlation was found between the fire’s quantity, the deaths quantity and material damage with the population density and the amount of fire brigades in the region.
ABOUT CALCULATION OF THE PROBABILITY OF EFFECTIVE OPERATION OF TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT TO ENSURE FIRE SAFETY IN DETERMINING FIRE RISK VALUES AT PRODUCTION FACILITIES
Zykov P., Kontar N., Subachev S., Subacheva A.
Keywords: calculation of fire risk, fire safety of industrial facilities, actuation of fire protection systems.
When performing fire risk calculations at industrial facilities, the probability of effective operation of technical means to ensure fire safety is determined by the formula (8) of the methodology. It was proved that this formula is not universal and cannot be used in calculating the fire risk at industrial facilities always in an unchanged form. In each specific case, it must
INVESTIGATION OF FIRE RESISTANCE OF STEEL STRUCTURES WITH EPOXY FIRE PROTECTION
Kalach A., Klementiev B., Kalach E.
Keywords: fire protection, epoxy compound, fire safety, oil and gas complex.
The results of testing steel structures with epoxy flame-retardant coatings "Pregrad-EP", "Ograx-SKE" and "Chartek 2218" are presented. The authors have established the time from the beginning of the temperature exposure to the onset of the limiting state of the sample under the hydrocarbon temperature regime of the fire. According to the results of the conducted studies, it was found that all epoxy swelling coatings did not reach a critical temperature of 500 ° C when reaching 120 minutes, which proves their effectiveness when used as passive fire protection of oil and gas facilities.
SIMULATION OF A FIRE IN A TYPICAL ENGINEERING ROOM OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT FOR ESTIMATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ROBOTIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATIONS
Prytkov L., Barbin N., Kobelev A., Titov S., Grishina E.
Keywords: modeling of fires, robotic fire extinguishing system, field model of fire, fires in machine rooms, nuclear power plant, electrical power station.
The article discusses the main sources of fires in the turbine rooms, the features of the conduct of hostilities to extinguish fires, an emergency situation associated with the leakage of turbine oil with subsequent ignition on the axis of the turbine service without leakage to the lower levels is modeled. robotic fire extinguishing installation The results of modeling a fire in a typical turbine room of a nuclear power plant before and after the introduction of robotic fire extinguishing installations are presented.
SIMULATION OF THE SPREAD OF FIRE HAZARDOUS FACTORS IN A MULTI-LEVEL OPEN PARKING WITH THE PRESENCE
OF A FIRE WALL NEAR ONE OF THE SIDES
Karpov A., Tsybizova R., Karpova I., Luchkin S.
Keywords: fire in open parking, mathematical modeling, prevention of fire spread, fire wall.
The maintenance of the fire safety of parkings is an extremely important task. Herewith one of the important issues is to prevent the spread of fire between the parking and neighboring objects. If it is impossible to comply the fire separation distance, the use of fire walls is widely spread. At the same time, when such a wall is located near an open parking, it will inevitably affect the ventilation of the parking and the spread of fire hazardous factors. So, in this paper the simulation of the fire hazardous factors spread in an open multi-level parking is carried out. The influence of a fire wall located near one of the long open sides of the parking, including in the presence of wind, was investigated by means comparative analysis of the simulation results.
EVALUATION OF THERMAL RESISTANCE OF TEXTILE MATERIALS COMBAT CLOTHING BY THE FIRE METHOD SYNCHRONOUS THERMAL ANALYSIS
Bezzaponnaya O., Bizin I., Golovina E., Khabibullina N., Mansurov T.
Keywords: heat resistance, firefighter combat clothing, synchronous thermal analysis, weight loss, ash residue, flammability.
The paper presents the results of a study of textile materials for a firefighter's combat clothing by the method of synchronous thermal analysis. It was found that among the studied textile materials, the material with a silicone layer is characterized by the highest heat resistance. Washing of materials leads to a decrease in their heat resistance: an increase in weight loss, a decrease in ash residue, an increase in the rate of weight loss, and an increase in the flammability of the material. Impregnation of materials with a composition containing fire retardants increases their heat resistance, and some of the heat resistance characteristics become even higher than those of the starting materials (before washing).
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS THAT OCCURRED AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS DURING THE PERIOD 1952–1991
Titov S., Barbin N., Kobelev A.
Keywords: nuclear power plant, accident, incident, emergency, release of radioactive substances, reactor.
The article analyzes emergency situations at nuclear power plants in the world for the period 1952–1991. The paper provides a systematic and statistical analysis of emergency events in the nuclear power industry. To conduct a system analysis, the main factors were identified: the number of accidents and incidents, the year, the countries in which emergency events occurred (USSR, USA, Germany, Canada, France, Great Britain, Japan, Finland, Switzerland, Slovakia, Argentina, Spain, India). The objects of accidents have been identified (reactor core, reactor vessels, reactor condenser tubes, reactor circuit and cooling systems, steam generators and steam pipeline systems, control system failure and automation failure, transformers and cable ducts, pumps and pumping systems, safety devices, pipeline systems, process channel, pressure system mechanisms and other cases). The main causes of emergency situations have been identified (due to a technical malfunction, due to the fault of personnel, due to a short circuit and an automation failure). The types of reactors are marked (NRX, BWR, «Enrico Fermi – 1», Magnox, Windscale-1, EBR-1, AGR, UNGG, VVER, RBMK, BN-600, PHWR, GCR. For statistical analysis, the percentage of accidents and incidents, the main objects and causes of accidents at nuclear power plants in the world was determined.
2021 № 3 (32)
COMPREHENSIVE ESTIMATION OF THE NOZZLE WITH INTERNAL SPIRAL CUTTING USE FOR POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHING
Konstantinova A., Poljakov A.
Keywords: fire extinguishing powder, experimental fire source, extinguishing mechanism, gas-powder stream.
It was previously established that the effectiveness of extinguishing a model fire source depends on the completeness of the fire extinguishing powder entering it. At the same time, the standard method of fire tests allows significant losses of powder, which leads to erroneous results in determining the fire extinguishing ability in the direction of its underestimation.
It is possible to reduce the loss of extinguishing agent during fire tests by using nozzles that form a more compact jet of powder. A nozzle with an internal spiral thread has been developed, which allows to achieve the effect of swirling the flow, which increases the compactness and speed of the gas-powder jet.
The article presents the device and the results of firing tests of such a nozzle. The tests were carried out using the author's patented system of experimental fire sources, which makes it possible to record the fire extinguishing effect in the cross-sections of the gas-powder flow. Nozzles with different characteristics - length, presence and pitch of internal spiral cutting - have been investigated.
The influence of a nozzle with a length of 100 mm with a pitch of an internal spiral thread of 20 mm on improving the characteristics of a fire-extinguishing gas-powder flow (compactness, speed, range of the jet) has been revealed.
From the determining and dependent values by the method of dimensional analysis, a complex indicator is formed that characterizes the efficiency of a gas-powder jet formed by a threaded nozzle.
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY INDICATORS OF EXPLOSION HAZARD OF TECHNOLOGICAL UNITS OF OIL EXTRACTION DEPARTMENT OF SOY BEAN PROCESSING ENTERPRISE
Lopanov A., Fanina E., Tomarovshchenko O., Prushkovsky I.
Keywords: fire safety, explosion protection, emergency situations, oil extraction production, soybean processing.
Numerous studies in the field of ensuring the technosphere safety of soybean processing enterprises are due to the explosion and fire hazard of the technological process. Every year, accidents occur at such enterprises, leading to injury to people and significant economic damage. The article analyzes the conditions for the occurrence and development of accidents in the production conditions of the technological process for the extraction of soybean seeds, reveals the presence of critical states that contribute to the occurrence of combustion, the spread of flame and the development of detonation processes. The paper identifies the main groups of possible scenarios for the development of potential accidents, taking into account the physicochemical characteristics of oil and the conditions of its use in the technological blocks of the extraction department. The categorization of the evaluated objects has been carried out. The results of assessing the risk of an accident with the calculated values of the energy indicators of the explosiveness of oil extraction are presented. It has been established that potentially dangerous accidents with the most severe consequences in the conditions of an oil extraction plant occur during depressurization / destruction of technological equipment, with concomitant processes of oil spill and evaporation, further ignition / explosion of a vapor-air mixture and a fire of a solvent spill. Organizational and technical measures aimed at increasing the emergency resistance of the extraction department are proposed.
ON STUDIES OF THE COMPOSITION OF HUMAN FLOWS IN BUILDINGS OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FUNCTIONAL FIRE HAZARD
Rudchenko G., Vlasova O.
Keywords: evacuation, human flow, motion parameters, groups of people with limited mobility, functional cohorts of people inside buildings.
The present article reveals the significance of the accurate determining of the composition of human flow inside buildings of various functional fire hazard classes. The authors raise the problem of the absence of the necessary information in regulatory documents, due to which the results of the calculations carried out in buildings and at facilities with a heterogeneous human flow are not always relevant to empirical data. The objective results of the investigations of human flow composition carried out in recent years are presented and the justified conclusions based on them are formulated.
The article shows the tasks and the method of conducting the investigation aimed at determining the functional cohorts of people inside buildings. The dependences of the motion speed of blind and visually impaired people as well as of people with musculoskeletal system disorders on the human flow density were revealed and presented. This made it possible to determine the weak points of the existing classification of groups of people with limited mobility. Typical groups of the functional cohorts of people inside this or that building were identified by means of mathematical processing of the investigation results, which in its turn solved the problem of the differentiation of buildings and facilities according to the functional cohorts of people inherent in them and allowed attributing a certain design group of the human flow composition to one of them. The given distinction taking into account the human flows formed inside buildings and facilities and the parameters of the motion of limited-mobility groups contributes to further development of the theory of human flows and to the improvement of evacuation process modeling, which ultimately makes it possible to increase the level of human safety ensuring in the event of fires.
COPING BEHAVIOR OF CADETS OF THE PREPARATION PROFILE "FIRE SAFETY" DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF THEIR STRESS RESISTANCE
Maistrenko E., Karama E., Kostyleva A.
Keywords: neuropsychic stability, coping behavior in stressful situations, cadets, stress resistance, professional selection.
The paper presents the results of a study of the relationship between preferred coping strategies in stressful situations and the level of stress resistance of cadets of the Ural Institute of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, who are trained in the "Fire safety" training profile. The study involved 103 cadets. The average age of the survey participants was 20,2 years. A comparative analysis of coping behavior in stressful situations of cadets with different levels of stress resistance was carried out. Correlation analysis of the level of resistance to stress and the severity of behavioral strategies was carried out on five scales: "problem-oriented coping", "emotionally-oriented coping", "avoidance-oriented coping", "distraction" and "social distraction". It was found that 7,8 % of cadets have a satisfactory level of stress resistance, 78,6 % of cadets have good stress resistance and 13,6 % of cadets have a high resistance to stress. A statistically significant inverse relationship (at p <0,05) of the level of stress resistance and emotionally oriented coping was found. Cadets with a satisfactory level of stress resistance showed a low level of problem-oriented coping. Cadets with satisfactory stress tolerance rarely choose a problem-solving strategy. In general, study participants have a high level of avoidance-oriented coping, which indicates that in stressful situations, cadets tend to choose detachment and avoidance of the problem, rather than its solution.
STUDY OF THE FIRE HAZARD OF WOOD VARIOUS ROCKS BY THERMAL ANALYSIS METHODS
Bezzaponnaya O., Krasilnikova M., Evseenkova A., Glukhikh P., Makarkin S.
Keywords: wood of various species, method of synchronous thermal analysis, combustibility, ignition temperature, autoignition temperature.
The results of the study of thermal oxidative destruction of wood of different species (birch, linden, larch, aspen, pine), as well as indicators of their fire hazard by the method of synchronous thermal analysis are presented. The research results showed that the lin-den tree is characterized by the greatest fire hazard among the investigated wood species (it has the lowest values of ignition and autoignition temperatures and the highest heat of combustion).
REGRESSION MODEL OF THE THERMAL DAMAGE DEGREE OF COLD-FORMED VEHICLES STEEL ELEMENTS
Motorygin Yu., Sikorova G.
Keywords: vehicle, combustible medium, place of gorenje, field devices, linear regression.
The article proposes a method for studying the vehicle body to determine the zone of the greatest thermal damage using three field methods:induction thickness measurement, magnetic method and method for determining microhardness.
Using the eddy current method of research, it was possible to establish a relationship between the annealing temperature of steel and the thickness of a high-temperature oxide or scale. The scale layer increased with increasing temperature and duration of heating. Using the magnetic research method, it was possible to establish a connection between the heating of steel structures and the loss of magnetic properties of steels. The exposure time in the oven practically did not affect the final indicators.
The method of determining microhardness revealed a general tendency to decrease the hardness of the product as the firing temperatures increase.
Based on the results of a comprehensive study, it can be concluded that these methods optimally complement each other. First, they take readings of independent changes that occur with cold-formed steel products when heated: the thickness of the scale layer, magnetic properties and microhardness. Secondly, these methods are used in different temperature ranges. The magnetic properties gradually decrease to a temperature of about 700 oC, but on the contrary, scale at this temperature is just beginning to form. And only the method of measuring microhardness covers the entire range of temperatures that increase during the gorenje car.
The joint application of the methods described above will help to increase the accuracy of the boundaries of the zone of greatest thermal damage to determine the cause of gorenje.
THE DEPENDENCE OF THE DEATH AND INJURY OF PEOPLE IN FIRES IN 5 AND 9-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ON THE FLOOR OF THE FIRE
Kharin V., Arslanov A., Kondashov A., Bobrinev E., Udavtsova E.
Keywords: fire, factors, multi-storey residential buildings, death, injury.
The distribution of fires and people affected by fires in the Russian Federation in 2016–2020 in 5 and 9-storey residential buildings by the floors of fires that were extinguished by the territorial fire and rescue units of the FPS GPS was studied. It is shown that most often fires in residential buildings of 5 and 9 floors occur on the first floor, then there is a decrease in the number of fires on the floors of fire occurrence from the lower floors to the upper ones. The minimum value of the average number of people injured in fires per 100 fires and the maximum value of the ratio of the number of people injured in fires to those killed in 5 - and 9-storey residential buildings corresponds to fires occurring on the first floor, then there is an increase in the average number of people injured in fires per 100 fires and a decrease in the ratio of the number of people injured in fires to those killed on the floors of fire occurrence from the lower floors to the upper floors.
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING MATERIAL DAMAGE IN THE EVENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN EMERGENCY AT THE OBJECT OF THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Korolev D., Shmireva M., Russkih E.
Keywords: fire hazard, calculation method, damage, oil and gas industry, energy independence.
Lately, there has been a lot of talk about the need for the Russian Federation to take the path of development and get rid of oil and gas dependence. However, it is almost impossible to do this quickly. Experts have calculated that at least 15-20 years must pass to achieve the necessary results in the country's energy independence, after which the process of improving energy efficiency and developing renewable energy sources will be satisfactory. Therefore, today the oil and gas industry remains one of the most explosive and fire hazardous, which should be given special attention from the point of view of fire safety.
Previously, the study was based on the data of a really operating object of protection (oil fuel base). The main unfavorable phenomena were calculated: the filling area, burning of the filling mirror, parameters of the fireball during diffusion burning, etc. A set of preventive and engineering-technical measures was proposed, minimizing the risk of such situations or minimizing the consequences of an emergency.
This work raises the question of what if the measures developed are insufficient and what material damage could be? The article presents a methodology for calculating damage in different scenarios of the development of an emergency.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ABILITY FOR SELF-DETERMINATION IN FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF GAS PROTECTION SERVICE IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Gazizova Y., Demchenko O., Pochtareva E.
Keywords: specialists of the gas and smoke protection service, professional training, self-determination, subjective image of the situation, subjective image of the mental state, coordination of the motivational-need sphere of the subject, values, meanings, components of self-determination of a specialist in gas and smoke protection service.
The article presents the results of a study of self-determination in future specialists of the gas and smoke protection service in the process of their professional training. The specificity of self-determination zones, ensuring the effectiveness of regulation of subjective activity in the intense eventfulness of specialists, is considered.
The content of the basic components of self-determination of cadets who have completed the course of the discipline «Preparation of a gas and smoke defender» The factors of self-determination are highlighted: «Tolerance to uncertainty», «Readiness for a conscious choice», «Attitude to novelty» (intentional component); «Motivational resources», «Self-organization», «Control» (operational and regulatory component); «Enthusiasm for work», «Focus on interaction», «Satisfaction of the need for competence» (attributive-activity component); «Life-meaning orientations», «Reflection» (value-semantic component).
STUDY OF ADAPTATION OF GAS PROTECTION SERVICE SPECIALISTS TO WORK UNDER CHANGED CONDITIONS USING DIAGNOSTIC AND FORMING PREPARATION TECHNOLOGIES
Demchenko O., Gazizova Y.
Keywords: adaptation, specialists of the gas and smoke protection service, professional training, changed conditions of professional activity, psychological support.
The article describes the results of a study of the effectiveness of technologies for psychological support of specialists of the gas and smoke protection service in the process of their adaptation to work in changed conditions. The prospects for the use of effective ways and methods of optimizing the professional training of personnel of the gas and smoke protection service are outlined. Work within the framework of this issue should be built taking into account the advanced achievements in the field of science and technology. The importance of introducing psychological support units on the balance sheet of technological rehabilitation complexes designed for training self-regulation skills and optimizing psychophysiological resources into the practice of professional training of GDZS specialists is emphasized.
ANALYSIS OF NON-STANDARD SITUATIONS AT THE OBJECTS OF THE GROUND SPACE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE BAYKONUR AND VOSTOCHNY SPACE FOR THE PERIOD 2011–2020
Kobelev A., Barbin N., Terentyev D., Titov S., Kokorin V., Tuzhikov E.
Keywords: emergency situation, accident, launch vehicle, cargo ship, cosmodrome.
The article analyzes emergency situations at the Baikonur and Vostochny cosmodromes in the period from 2011 to 2020. It was determined that the largest number of emergency situations at the Baikonur cosmodrome was recorded in 2011. In the period under consideration, emergency situations most often occurred due to personnel errors. The percentage of the causes of emergency situations is as follows: personnel errors – 27 %; computer malfunctions and activation of automation systems – 20 %; malfunctions in the third stage of the launch vehicle – 20 %; malfunctions in the flight module – 7 %; malfunctions in the upper stage – 7 %; malfunctions in an unmanned spacecraft – 7 %; malfunctions in the second stage of the launch vehicle – 6 %; the reason is not determined – 6 %. The largest number of emergency situations occurred during the launch of the Proton-M launch vehicles. The percentage of the number of emergency situations at the Baikonur cosmodrome from 2011 to 2020 by the type of launch vehicles the following: "Proton-M" – 33 %; Soyuz-2.1a – 27 %; Soyuz-U – 13 %; Soyuz-2.1b – 13 %; Zenit-2SB – 7 %; Soyuz-FG – 7 %. The largest number of abnormal situations occurred in the atmosphere. On the earth's surface, there were two emergency situations associated with the breakdown of the automation system and a malfunction of the computer unit. During the period under review, two abnormal situations occurred at the Vostochny cosmodrome. The first occurred in 2016 due to the activation of an automatic system that interrupted the launch. Possible causes of the abnormal situation: a problem with the drain valves; pinching the cable when installing one of the systems; incorrect soldering or abnormal docking of connectors. The second one was recorded in 2017. The reason for the abnormal situation is the imperfection of the algorithms of the software of the control system of the upper stage "Fregat" and incorrect azimuths of the launch.
2021 № 2 (31)
FIRE SAFETY ECOSYSTEM AND WAYS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
Korolev D.
Keywords: fire safety, digital technology, ecosystem, digital platforms, concordation factor.
The article raises the topical issue of ensuring the fire safety of the oil and gas industry in the conditions of modern trends. This is due to the fact that the country's industrial complexes are being modernized rapidly and universal digitalization is being carried out. Therefore, the process of ensuring fire safety should go to a new level. The initial phase proposes the development of the fire safety ecosystem of the object of protection, which is a digital platform and provides interaction of autonomous elements. A survey of the oil and gas industry was conducted and a survey of respondents involved in the digital transformation of the industry. In addition to the positive aspects (minimizing human participation in explosive zones), they also noted negative structural problems, the solution of which is also presented in the article. The concordation factor was calculated. As a result of the calculation, it was found that the expert opinion has an average level of coherence, and therefore, this path of development is promising.
SELECTION OF CORROSION RESISTANT STEELS AND IRON-BASED ALLOYS TO REDUCE DAMAGE FROM CORROSION OF OIL PIPELINES
Novoselova E., Ivakhnyuk G.
Keywords: corrosion, accident, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat resistance, alloy, steel.
The substantiation of recommendations on the use of structural corrosion-resistant materials based on iron, which will significantly increase the safety of operation of oil pipelines and industrial installations of oil refineries, reduce the risk of emergencies caused by corrosion, as well as reduce losses from corrosion damage and reduce economic damage from oil spills and petroleum products. The analysis of the corrosion resistance of alloys of the Fe–C–Si system, alloyed cast irons, alloyed steels and chromium-nickel alloys has been carried out. The use of high-silicon alloys is recommended for the manufacture of parts of centrifugal pumps, pipes, acid sprayers, for the manufacture of alkali-resistant equipment, the use of cast irons is recommended, for the manufacture of high-pressure compressor rods in the production of NH3, recommendations are given on the use of chromium steels. It is recommended to use alloys based on Cr–Ni for the manufacture of equipment for the production of nitric acid at temperatures no higher than
+55 оС, 98 % sulfuric acid at temperatures up to + 50–70оС, urea synthesis - at temperatures up to +110 оС, installations for absorption of nitrogen oxides, obtaining thermal phosphoric acid. According to the results of the analysis of data on the corrosion resistance of steels and alloys based on iron, a corrosion-resistant alloy of iron with silicon - ferrosilicide doped with molybdenum - is recommended for use in the oil-producing and oil-refining industries. Also high corrosion resistance and heat resistance of cast irons alloyed with Cr, Ni and Al are noted.
LOCATION OF THE SIGN AND PLACE «ASSEMBLY POINTS» FOR PEOPLE AFTER EVACUATION
Gravit M., Shakhova M.
Keywords: evacuation, fire assembly points, gathering place, area of assembly, place of assembly, evacuation plan.
The article provides an overview of Russian and European regulatory documents which it is written about the «fire assembly points» for people after evacuation – a safe place where employees, visitors or residents of a building or structure can gather after leaving the building in case of emergencies.
It was determined that there are no clear requirements for the size of the gathering place, its location relative to the object of protection in the regulatory documents. Examples of place of assembly for various objects are given, including their location on the drawings of project documentation. The sign "assembly points" must also be located on the SPOZU, as in the evacuation scheme, where the dimensions of the gathering place will be visible in proportion to the width of the passage of the fire truck, according to the authors.
As a result of the review of Russian and European regulatory documents, criteria were determined for the location of the gathering place after evacuation from the building, which should be taken into account in the design: size, location, distance to the fire assembly points, accessibility, awareness of people about its location and about actions during evacuation in case of fire, as well as the location of reserve points.
ASSESSMENT OF THE DEGREE OF INFLUENCE OF SEASONAL NATURAL AND CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF FIRES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2019
Mashtakov V., Bobrinev E., Kondakov A., Udaltsova E., Matorina O.
Keywords: fire, seasonal factors, natural and climatic factors, consequences of fires, death, injury, climate.
The influence of seasonal natural and climatic factors on the social consequences of fires in Russia in 2019 was studied. The indicators of injuries and deaths in fires, as well as the ratio of the number of victims by month of the year, are analyzed.
It is shown that the social consequences of fires in the Russian Federation are higher in the winter season. Fire protection units can not neutralize fire hazards at this time with the same efficiency as in the summer.
The study of the influence of seasonal factors on the level of fire danger in the Russian Federation for 2019 was conducted.
The dynamics of deaths and injuries of people in fires in the months of 2019 is presented. The dynamics of the indicator "the ratio of people affected by fires" for the months of 2019 and for comparison of 2018 is presented.
According to the results of the study, in order to assess the degree of influence of seasonal natural and climatic factors on the consequences of fires in the Russian Federation, a statistical model for assessing the influence of factors and their interaction is proposed.
The presented results can be the basis for making management decisions to improve the combat readiness of the fire protection units of the Russian Federation and open up prospects for further improvement of management in the Russian security system.
THE IMPACT OF THE TECHNOGENIC SUBSYSTEM «FIRE BRIGADES» ON THE FOREST ECOSYSTEM DURING FIRE EXTINGUISHING
Khairova K., Stepanov O., Minkovskiy D., Udichev A.
Keywords: landscape (natural) fire, edge, oncoming fire, exploration, fire extinguishing.
The article discusses the development of a large-scale forest fire, which had the character of a top fire and a bottom fire. The actions of fire and rescue units, forest fire units, county fire units and voluntary fire units during extinguishing a large forest fire, which posed a threat to a settlement, are presented. The application of forces and means of ground fire and rescue units is analyzed. The analysis of the dynamics of the development of a forest fire by the time of extinguishing is presented. Consideration of the situation in a forest fire made it possible to identify restrictions on the order of extinguishing a natural fire based on the infrastructure of the territory. The aspects of aerial (including the use of unmanned aerial vehicles) and ground reconnaissance of a natural fire are considered. Tactical techniques used by fire and rescue units are given, including the use of light type fire trucks when working at the forest fire. Methods for improving tactical techniques are proposed. The necessity of organizing the activities of reconnaissance groups using unmanned aerial vehicles, light off-road equipment, coordinating their actions with aviation, organizing monitoring groups using satellite communications. A conclusion has been formulated regarding ways to increase the efficiency of fire and rescue units and forest fire units when extinguishing a large natural fire near settlements and industrial facilities.
INFLUENCE OF SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING LIQUIDS ON THE CONVECTION CURRENT GENERATED BY CHARGED DROPLETS
Pakhomov G., Dultsev S., Tuzhikov E.
Keywords: fire extinguishing liquid, liquid spraying, spray pressure, liquid dispersion, convection current, specific charge.
An experimental determination of the flow rate, convection current, and specific charge of various sprayed extinguishing liquids was carried out, depending on the spray pressure and properties of the liquids. On the basis of experimental data, analytical dependences of the Sauter mean diameter and the total area of droplets for the sprayed liquid on the spray pressure are constructed. The value of the specific charge can serve as a parameter that characterizes the dispersion of the liquid when it is sprayed. The results obtained allow us to use the proposed method to determine the integral characteristics of dispersion in the spraying of electrically conductive liquids. The developed method of measuring the convection current also allows it to be used in testing devices designed to extinguish Class E (live electrical equipment) fires.
THE FEASIBILITY OF USING UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS IN EXTINGUISHING FIRES AND ELIMINATING ACCIDENTS AT PROTECTION FACILITIES
Karapuzikov A., Dyakov M., Gorelik A., Oparin D., Stavrinidi S., Dyakov V.
Keywords: unmanned aircraft systems, coordination, monitoring, reconnaissance, fire fighting.
This article analyzes the main statistical indicators of the use of unmanned aircraft systems by fire protection units in the regions that are part of the Ural Federal District, and also presents data on the use of these systems for various types of work carried out, proving the feasibility of the technical devices under consideration. The main types and types of unmanned aircraft systems and their scope of application are presented. The possible difficulties that may arise in the operation of unmanned aircraft systems are shown. A scheme for coordinating the management of forces and means involved in the fire (accident) site is presented.
CALCULATION OF FIRE RISK IN THE CONDITIONS OF NON-NORMATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS OF THE OBJECT OF PROTECTION
Mironov K., Batmanov S., Zykov P.
Keywords: fire risk, fire protection systems, compliance coefficients of fire protection systems, evaluation of the effectiveness of systems.
The influence of the coefficients of compliance of fire protection systems with fire safety requirements is evaluated. Additions to the existing methodology for calculating fire risk are proposed.
ANALYSIS OF THE RELIABILITY OF SEALING DEVICES USED IN FIRE EQUIPMENT
Toporov A., Palin D., Yakovenko T., Toporova E.
Keywords: reliability, durability, probability of failure-free operation, time to failure, lip seal, magnetofluidic seal.
This article presents the results of the analysis of the reliability of sealing devices of various types in relation to fire equipment. The tree of the reasons of failures of seals of fire equipment is substituted, the main factors influencing their working capacity and durability are established. Calculations of the probability of failure-free operation of various types of seals were carried out, as a result of which it was found that the most promising, from the point of view of reliability, are combined magnetofluidic seals.
USE OF VORTEX FLOWS IN FIRE EXTINGUISHING DEVICES
Ganeev R., Khafizov I., Khafizov F.
Keywords: trunk, eddy motion of a liquid, thermal current, fire extinguishing agent, the speed of movement of the liquid.
The article considers the possibility of improving the efficiency of fire extinguishing, with the use of technical means of delivering fire extinguishing agents to the fire source at significantly remote distances. The study of this issue is related to the rapidly growing technological progress in production and life processes in all developing countries. These phenomena increase the requirements for devices used in mobile fire extinguishing devices.
The elimination of fires requires impressive material costs, the involvement of significant human resources and technical means.
Unfortunately, the technical means of fighting fire, which are in service with fire departments, no longer fully meet the ever-increasing requirements of modernity. Such unfavorable factors as lack of staffing, worn-out equipment (age-related equipment), obsolete fire-technical weapons, not infrequently lead to the fact that for the successful and shortest elimination of a fire, additional forces and means are required that could be used in other places.
Today, many specialists are conducting research on the creation of fundamentally new models of fire equipment that increase the efficiency of existing ones. At the same time, it should be noted that quite decent results are achieved.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEAT FLOW OF THE FIRE SOURCE ON THE THERMAL INSULATION LAYER OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL IN THE FACADE SYSTEM WITH AN EXTERNAL PLASTER LAYER
Sharhun S., Bibin P., Bashmakov E., Koksharov E., Michurova N.
Keywords: heat flow, layer, adhesive layer, maximum temperature, thermal insulation layer, thermal impact, energy efficiency, facade system, heat flow of the fire source, expanded polystyrene.
The article presents the results of a study to assess the effect of the heat flow of the fire source on the thermal insulation layer of combustible material in the facade system with an external plaster layer during operation and to establish the fact of the presence or absence of hidden damage from the heat flow at different thicknesses of the external plaster layer.
TASKS OF CREATING AND OPTIMIZING TWO-PHASE FIRE EXTINGUISHING DEVICES WITH HIGH-SPEED SUPPLY OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING LIQUID
Pakhomov G., Tuzhikov E., Dultsev S.
Keywords: fire extinguishing liquid, liquid atomization, spray pressure, feed rate, weight efficiency, work efficiency.
Analytical dependences are obtained for determining the theoretically achievable feed rates for single-phase and two-phase devices when the feed pressure and the ratio of the mass flow rate of liquid to gas flow are changed. The weight and consumption characteristics for four portable fire extinguishing devices are determined. The dependences of: the efficiency of two-phase devices on the diameter of the minimum cross-section of the outlet nozzle; the theoretical speed of the water-air flow supply on the spray pressure, at different ratios of the mass flow of water to the air flow, are revealed and explained; the ratio of the mass flow rate of water to the air flow rate from the spray pressure, at which the theoretical flow rate of the water-air flow reaches the maximum values. Based on the obtained data, a two-phase portable fire extinguishing device with a high-speed feed of liquid is being developed, the developed device has the best weight efficiency and operating efficiency of the considered devices.
CRITERIA FOR ESTIMATING THE THERMAL RESISTANCE OF FIREPROOF CABLE COATINGS OF DIFFERENT CHEMICAL NATURE OF INTUMESCENT TYPE BY THE METHOD OF SYNCHRONOUS THERMAL ANALYSIS
Mansurov T.
Keywords: fire retardant cable coatings, coke foam, thermal resistance, synchronous thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), criteria for evaluating thermal resistance, standard fire conditions.
The study presents the most optimal thermoanalytical characteristics of OCP, obtained by thermal analysis methods, which are proposed to be used as criteria for assessing the thermal stability of OCP of various chemical nature by thermal analysis methods. On the basis of the proposed criteria, a classification of the degrees of thermal stability of OCP of various chemical nature was developed using the methods of thermal analysis for the conditions of a standard fire regime with subsequent approbation.
MAIN FACTORS PRODUCING FIRE HAZARD IN LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
Melnik A., Eliseev Yu., Mokryak A.
Keywords: fire safety, lithium-ion battery safety, thermal acceleration, fire behavior, fire protection.
Environmental concerns such as global warming, greenhouse gas emissions and sea level rise caused by the widespread use of minerals have led to the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries as a power source for electronic devices.
Lithium-ion batteries have become widely used due to their high energy density, stable performance, long service life, low maintenance, low self-discharge, fast charging and durability. This is especially important from the environmental side when using lithium-ion batteries in the field of electric vehicles, in which fuel-consuming engines are replaced by electric ones, reducing dependence on fossil energy and ultimately producing less harmful emissions. However, the thermal stability of lithium-ion batteries is relatively poor, and failure can lead to a fire and, under certain circumstances, even an explosion. Due to the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries in portable products and electric vehicles, the problem of their fire safety has become an urgent and significant topic for research today.
This article provides an overview of the factors provoking a fire hazard in lithium-ion batteries.
CONDITIONS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ABLATION-DESORPTION FIRE-RETARDANT COATINGS IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE FIRE-RETARDANT EFFICIENCY OF HVAC AND INCREASE THE FIRE SAFETY OF EQUIPMENT FOR OIL AND GAS FACILITIES
Ivakhnyuk G., Stolyarov S.
Keywords: modification; synthesis; fire retardant efficiency; zeolites; microencapsulation; operational characteristics.
The results of assessing the effect of additional synthesis methods and zeolites with microencapsulated water on the fire retardant efficiency of fire retardant intumescent compositions using epoxy resins under the influence of hydrocarbon flaring are presented. The experimental part included studies by the method of simultaneous thermal analysis, determination of adhesion by the pull-off method, establishment of the relationship between the properties of a fire retardant coating and synthesis conditions by the method of regression analysis, determination of the time of the onset of the limiting state under conditions of thermal and erosive effects of hydrocarbons. Modification of a fire retardant with zeolites using additional synthesis methods leads to an increase in fire retardant efficiency, adhesive strength, thermal stability, and a decrease in the flammability of the fire retardant. The data of the research results reflect the possibility of using zeolites and additional synthesis methods as a way to improve the performance characteristics of fire retardant coatings based on epoxy resins under conditions of flaring of hydrocarbons.
2021 № 1 (30)
ENSURING THE OPERATIONAL SUITABILITY OF BUILDINGS AFTER FIRES
Polishchuk E.
Keywords: fire safety, fire resistance, repairing, fires, fire retardants, effectiveness.
The article proposes to discuss the issue of ensuring the suitability of protection objects after fires. In particular, it is noted that the system of fire regulation in the field of construction, which has developed today in Russia, despite the orientation declared in Federal law No. 69-FZ of 21.12.1994, to protect human life and health, as well as the property of citizens and the state from the destructive effects of fires, does not cope with either the first [1] or the second task. The criteria used for object security, expressed as characteristics of the degree of fire resistance and classes of structural fire hazard, are strongly linked to the indicators of fire resistance limits and classes of fire hazard of structures, allow to some extent to ensure the preservation of the physical contours of the building after a fire, but do not answer the question of its suitability for subsequent operation. The situation is aggravated by the fact that for more than 100 years of existence of the classical theory of fire resistance, neither in Russia nor in the rest of the world, effective methods for assessing the actual compliance of structures with the requirements have been proposed. In particular, there are no methods for assessing the residual fire resistance of building structures after fires, which creates a situation of uncertainty and unpredictable risks that arise if such a building continues to operate. Thus, the article proposes to discuss the need to review approaches to the assessment of fire-technical classification features of protection objects, as well as the requirements for means and methods of fire protection of building structures.
UPDATE OF INTERNAL FIRE-FIGHTING WATER PIPELINE SYSTEMS
Baranchikova N., Epifanov S., Kalinin I.
Keywords: internal fire-fighting water supply, the problem of flow distribution, hydraulic calculation, handline nozzles, non-fixed nodal selection, head, pressure.
In the Russian Federation, the death toll in fires in residential, public and industrial buildings is about 13,000 people annually. One of the main reasons for this situation is that in old buildings the internal fire-fighting water supply system was designed according to the standards that have undergone significant changes by now. This has led to the fact that modern requirements for the internal fire-fighting water supply system are not fully met. Bringing a fire water supply system to new regulatory requirements is not always possible only on the basis of warter output tests. The necessity of additional carrying out of multivariate hydraulic calculations with non-fixed nodal selections for fire extinguishing for an objective assessment of the fire-fighting water supply system is shown. Using a real example, it was demonstrated that local head losses can constitute a significant part of the total head losses, which must be taken into account, and that the initial data for the hydraulic calculation of the internal fire-fighting water supply cannot be the flow rate through fire handline nozzles from SP 10.13130.2009, since this can lead to to an incorrect assessment of the performance of the fire-fighting water supply system.
USING A COARSE WATER FILTER WHEN INSTALLING A FIRE TRUCK ON AN OUTDOOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Karama E., Seliverstov K., Barakovskikh S., Oparina E.
Keywords: coarse water filter, fire pump, fire truck, water supply network, solid particles.
The article presents the results of practical tests when using a coarse water filter when installing a fire truck on an outdoor water supply network. The use of this filter will prevent rapid wear of the main parts of the fire pump. The effectiveness of using the filter is justified.
MODELING THE APPLICATION OF MODIFIED FIRE EXTINGUISHING COMPOSITIONS IN MODULAR FIRE EXTINGUISHING UNITS AT OBJECTS WITH THE REFLECTION OF LIQUID AND SOLID FUELS
Pustovalov I., Ivanov A., Ponomarev A. N.
Keywords: carbon nanostructures, FSD, modular fire extinguishing installations, fire extinguishing efficiency.
An analysis of the technical characteristics of modular water mist fire extinguishing installations was given. Critical characteristics for extinguishing fires with solid and liquid fuels have been determined. For example, dispersion of droplets of a fire extinguishing agent, flow rate, extinguishing time, operating pressure, total consumption of fire extinguishing agent through spray nozzles. Specific heat and density were determined by the calculation method and ranged from 4112 to 4183 J/(kg·K) and from 997,6 to
1009,5 kg/m³, respectively. Other thermophysical characteristics of the investigated fire extinguishing agents used in the simulation were given. For example, the specific heat of vaporization is from 1950 to 2600 kJ/kg. Based on the results of modeling hazardous fire factors in the «PyroSim» software environment, the optimal concentrations of carbon nanostructures for water-containing fire extinguishing agents were determined in the range from 0,05 to 0,5 vol.%. Data on the speed of reaching critical ambient temperatures and loss of visibility depending on the used extinguishing agent are given. The theoretical substantiation of the use of fire extinguishing agents in modular fire extinguishing systems at facilities with the handling of liquid and solid fuels is described. The main fire extinguishing mechanism for the use of modified water-containing compositions is a more intensive cooling of the convection combustion zone due to changes in the thermophysical characteristics of the modified fire extinguishing compositions.
ON AN ACTIVE METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE ADAPTABILITY OF FIRE TRUCK TRANSMISSIONS TO WINTER OPERATING CONDITIONS
Barbin N., Savin M., Mokrousova O., Borisov A., Fedotov V., Zyryanov D.
Keywords: winter conditions, fire truck, driving bridge, operating temperature, transmission oil, electric heating, route, efficiency.
This work is a continuation of the study set forth in the article "Passive method of increasing the adaptability of fire engine transmissions to winter operating conditions [1]. Indeed, the thermal regime has a direct impact on the performance of power transmissions of fire engines (FE). Therefore, the present work proposes and experimentally investigated for efficiency a technical solution providing an increase in traction-speed qualities, durability, economy of fire vehicles in low-temperature conditions.
The transmission oil of the drive bridge was heated by an electric heater (EH) from two autonomous batteries connected in series with a resulting voltage of 24 V. The homemade EH with a nominal power of 115 W was mounted in the plug of the drain hole of the crankcase of the front driving controlled bridge of the fire tanker WT-5,0-40 (URAL-3255). On the fire truck, oil temperature measuring equipment was installed, including a temperature sensor TS 014-50М.В3.20/3 and showing a device ТРМ501 located in the driver's cab. During the study, the main phases of carrying out the FE service in the calculation were modeled. As it is, it follows a typical route (transport mode of operation) at ambient temperature –20 °С, in parking lots as at the place of call (fire), as well as after the FE returns to the unit garage, i.e. when serving in standby mode in conditions of natural convection in calm air at a temperature of 15 °С.
It was found that electric heating is very effective. The use reduces by one minute the time to overcome the FE route with a length of 3,6 km. EH significantly accelerates the process of heating oil in the leading bridge in the calm air of the depot, to a lesser extent when following special mobile equipment and very slightly when parking at the place of call.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SOLID PHASE PARTICLES SIZE AND CONCENTRATION ON THE STABILITY OF FOAM-POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHING COMPOSITIONS
Koksharov A., Gaynullina E., Kondratieva M.
Keywords: air-mechanical foam, foaming agent, dispersion, solid particles, particle size, foam stability, foam channels, absorption, syneresis.
The idea of creating a combined foam-powder composition is to enhance the foam fire-extinguishing effect of by increasing the stability of its volume and using the insulating effect of the powder, which will cover the surface of combustible substances after the foam is destroyed. The influence of the solid particles size of combined foam-powder compositions on the stability of the foam volume and its syneresis was studied in this paper. The ability of the solid phase to be absorbed on films significantly increases the hydraulic resistance and reduces the flow rate of the liquid phase. It was found that particles commensurate with the size of films and foam channels cause their local breaks and reduce the stability of the foam. Smaller particles do not affect the stability of the foam volume.
RESEACH OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE SPECIFIC MASS BURN-UP RATE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Khusnutdinova S. M., Khafizov F. Sh., Khafizov I. F.
Keywords: fire risk, specific mass burn-up rate, specific heat of combustion, specific heat of vaporization, specific heat capacity.
The value of the mass burn-up rate of oil products is used to determine the intensity of thermal radiation which is an important factor for assessing the fire risk at oil and gas facilities. The specific mass burnup rate is determined experimentally. Currently its values are given in various references for a limited number of petroleum products. The value of the specific mass burn-up rate for simple (one-component) substances can also be determined by calculation. Formulas for calculating the specific mass burn-up rate in theory are applicable for both simple and complex substances, however the combustion process of complex fuels significantly differs due to the gradual burnout of individual fractions in their composition. Therefore for complex substances a calculation should be carried out taking into account changes in density and temperature during combustion.
To simplify the method for determining the specific mass burn-up rate of oil products which are complex substances, we propose a nomogram that allows you to determine the value of the mass burn-up rate, knowing the density of the oil product under normal conditions and the boiling point.
APPLICATION OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS IN SOLVING TASKS MANAGEMENT OF FIRE HAZARDOUS EVENTS IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Shidlowski G., Dali F., Lebedev A., Ozhegov E.
Keywords: objects, fire situation, territories, living sector, socio-economic system, cluster analysis.
This work is devoted to the application of cluster analysis in solving tasks of managing fire hazardous events in socio-economic systems. The simulation results showed that, depending on the factors that determine the fire situation in the territory, it is possible to assess the fire hazard in the region. The proposed approach will allow planning the necessary fire-fighting measures as part of a unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergencies at various levels.
FEATURES OF ENSURING INDUSTRIAL SAFETY OF HIGH-ALTITUDE EMERGENCY RESCUE TECHNICS EQUIPPED WITH MODERN SECURITY, MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
Keywords: fire car ladder, car lifts cranked fire, static and dynamic tests, safety system.
The article raises the issues of accident-free operation of fire car ladders and car lifts cranked fire. Solutions are offered for technical inspection and operational testing of high-altitude rescue technics equipped with safety systems such as PBL–240 or OGM–240 and their modifications. The analysis of the causes of accidents and incidents that led to the destruction of the structure of fire car ladders or car lifts cranked fire, causing harm to employees and employees of the fire service. The authors propose a set of measures aimed at minimizing cases of violation of industrial safety requirements in relation to high-altitude rescue technics.
A METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE PARAMETERS OF THE EXHAUST SMOKE VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC CORRIDORS
Gontarenko Y., Odnolko A.
Keywords: methods for calculating the parameters of smoke ventilation, exhaust smoke ventilation, smoke ventilation system, smoke protection system, smoke removal.
The relevance of the work is justified by the need to improve the calculation of parameters of smoke ventilation (SV). Goal of the work: to develop a method for calculating the parameters of the exhaust smoke ventilation system (ESVS) for residential and public corridors, adapted for engineering applications. Tasks: to assess the current state of scientific and technical problems in the calculation of the parameters ESVS, summarizing developments in the calculation of the parameters ESVS and on their basis the development of the methodology in understanding the precise sequence of actions and bring it to the level of engineering application. The results proved the urgency of development of methods of calculation of the parameters SV systems, assesses current state of scientific and technical problems in the calculation of the parameters ESVS, the technique of calculation of parameters ESVS corridors of residential and public buildings, adapted for engineering application.
DEVELOPING THE CONCEPT OF RISK IN THE FIELD OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT AT THE CURRENT STAGE
Kononenko E., Mokrousova O., Cherkasskiy G., Sharhun S.
Keywords: risk, concepts of risk and uncertainty, risk management, changes in the legal framework, risk-based approach.
In the article based on the analysis of the development of the risk-based approach in technical regulation, the risk of using documents that do not meet modern requirements is identified and the problem of creating constantly updated regulatory and methodological support in the field of fire safety is formulated.
EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITY OF OBTAINING THERMAL FOAMING FIRE EXTINGUISHING COMPOSITIONS BASED ON AMMONIUM CARBONATE AND CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SODIUM SALT
Koksharov A., Gaynullina E., Kondratieva M., Markov V.
Keywords: air-mechanical foam, thermally foaming composition, ammonium salts of carbonic acid, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC), foaming agent, thermal stability of foam, model fire source.
The paper presents the results of studying the possibility of obtaining a thermally foaming composition based on standard foaming agents with the ammonium carbon dioxide or ammonium carbon dioxide and the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC) addition. Extinguishing with the proposed composition is carried out without the use of foam generators to produce foam, it can be used in a thinly sprayed form, which allows to extinguish live electrical equipment, poorly wetting substances and materials, and also significantly reduce the fire extinguishing agent consumption.
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS: SPECIFIC GAPS IN DEFINITION. PROPOSALS TO REMOVE THEM
Shishkin P., Vishnyakov A., Muraev N., Osipchuk A.
Keywords: gas pipeline, authority, arbitrariness, property, term, federal law, emergency.
An incorrect understanding of one or another regulatory legal concept may complicate the implementation of certain practical measures, including those related to the activities of the Russian Emergencies Ministry. In this work, the team of authors makes a proposal to correct the current fundamental term "Emergency". Considering newly emerging, recently impossible social phenomena, which, in particular, include property relations, it should be noted that their content can be unpredictable, expressed in a significant violation of the living conditions of people for a long time, that is, determining the occurrence of an emergency on any territory or object. At the same time, an increase in the efficiency of the work of public authorities in the current situation presupposes the existence of a reasonable terminology that takes into account all modern realities, enshrined in regulatory legal acts.
THE DECLARATION OF THE STATE OF EMERGENCY IN THE CONDITIONS OF STORM WIND: PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTIONS
Shishkin P., Oispchuk A., Muraev N., Vishnyakov A., Loginov V.
Keywords: crane fall, wind speed, special coefficient, natural disaster, information criteria, criteria for attribution to an emergency, storm.
The change in the accepted criteria associated with various forms of human activity is an objective indicator of the development of society. In this article, we examined some problematic components associated with the criteria for information on emergency situations using the example of wind speed in difficult weather conditions. A certain inconsistency of this indicator with real circumstances is shown, when in the conditions of large settlements, there are deaths of the population and damage to infrastructure. The necessity of carrying out certain scientific researches is pointed out, allowing to implement the introduction of correct changes in the guidelines for this area of protection against emergencies.
APPROACHES TO THE SELECTION OF RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF ELE-MENTS OF THE SYSTEM FOR MONITORING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF A ANTHROPOGENIC NATURE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM FOR THE SAFETY OF THE POPULATION
Nazarov A.
Keywords: critical infrastructure resilience; monitoring; integrated security; risk; parametric approach; system analysis.
The article analyzes the existing methods and approaches in the construction of a system for protecting the population from man-made emergencies, as well as the features of assessing and monitoring man-made sources of risk in the concept of the development of the modern theory of security of complex systems «Critical Infrastructure Resilience» (CIR). It is shown that in the basis of the traditional approach (Safety I), safety is evaluated as the absence of undesirable consequences and clear signs of danger, presenting bimodal information about the mode of operation of the system in the criteria: «dangerous (incorrect)» and «safe (correct)». The Safety II approach is suitable from the point of view of the multi-modality of the system functioning, based on the principle of monitoring both the system failure and its normal operation, predicting events and directions of their development. It is noted that the concept currently being implemented in Russia generally correlates with the principles of Safety II, which is manifested in the orientation of both approaches to making preventive management decisions and maintaining the system's operability even in crisis situations. Based on the analysis and generalization of the results of research carried out by other authors, it is concluded that it is necessary to apply new approaches that take into account both the regional features of the system construction and the rational use of resources, depending on emerging threats, in conditions of limited resources on the basis of flexible multi-modal indicators.
2020 № 4 (29)
CURRENT STATE AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS IN THE FIELD OF FIRE SAFETY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Dashko S. A., Kalach E. V., Tokarev D. S.
Keywords: fire supervision, analysis, control, fire safety.
The article presents data on the current state and promising areas of improvement of some control and Supervisory functions in the Russian Federation in the field of fire safety. Statistics and analysis of administrative violations in the field of fire safety are provided. Emphasis is placed on the use of the method of persuasion by state fire supervision bodies as one of the main administrative and legal methods.
SMOKE VENTILATIONS PROBLEMS ANALYSIS
Gontarenko Y. V., Odnolko A. A.
Keywords: smoke protection system, smoke ventilation, smoke exhaust, temperature of combustion products, smoke layer thickness.
The relevance of improving smoke ventilation (SV) is shown. Goal: based on the analysis of the problem, to formulate the problem of research in the field of SV. Tasks: review and analysis of legislative and normative law acts and documents (LaNLAD) in the field of SV, recommendations for calculating the SVS parameters, scientific papers in the SV field, determining directions for improving the methodology for calculating the SVS parameters. As a result, the paper shows the relevance of improving the calculation of parameters of SV systems (SVS), provides brief reviews of sources in the field of SV, formulated problems in the field of SV, identified areas for improving the methodology for calculating the parameters of SVS.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PLASMA AFTERBURNING METHOD FOR GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE PROCESSING
Anakhov S. V., Matushkin A. V., Pyckin Yu. А.
Keywords: ecological safety, waste recycling, waste treatment, decontamination, incineration, plasmatron, plasma torch.
The technology of plasma neutralization of hazardous waste processing products is investigated. The problem of supertoxicants (polychlorinated dibenzodioxides, dibenzofurans, biphenyls, etc.) formation in the process of thermal processing for household and industrial waste of different composition is noted. To solve this problem, we propose the use of plasma generators in environmental technologies, in which due to the high – energy plasma effect on substances of different phase composition, their deep decomposition (plasma incineration – "burning") occurs. The introduction of plasma torches at the afterburning stage of gaseous products of hazardous waste processing is considered as a rational method of plasma neutralization. Known methods of thermal neutralization of dioxins are considered. Temperature approximations of the dioxins decomposition time in the temperature range of plasma heating are found. Efficiency criteria of plasma heating and neutralization are introduced.
In addition to the previously studied technology of plasma neutralization, a modernized design of a plasma torch for utilization of gaseous supertoxicants waste processing is proposed. The gas-dynamic parameters of the air-plasma flow in the mixing chamber of the plasma torch for environmental technologies are determined by mathematical modeling methods. The characteristic temperatures, velocities and heating times of the utilized gas in different areas of the mixing chamber are determined. The directions of further research and development necessary for the creation of plasma incineration technology with maximum efficiency of disinfection are outlined.
INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT OF FIRE RISK AS A METHOD OF IMPROVING THE FUNCTION OF STATE FIRE SUPERVISION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF REFORMING THE CONTROL AND SUPERVISION ACTIVITIES OF THE MINISTRY OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF RUSSIA
Arkhipov A. V., Sharhun S. V., Ponomarev A. V.
Keywords: fire safety, fire risk, independent assessment, state fire supervision, audit, fire regime, state policy, fire insurance, estimated fire risk, compliance, conclusion, category, state function, permitted fire risk, fire audit, federal state fire supervision, control and supervision activity.
The article presents the results of the analysis of the use of the instrument of independent fire risk assessment as a method of improving the function of state fire supervision in the framework of reforming the control and supervisory activities of the Russian Emergencies Ministry. The system of regulatory and legal documents regulating the procedure for independent fire risk assessment, as well as the procedure for monitoring by state fire supervision bodies at protective facilities having a positive conclusion on independent fire risk assessment, was considered. A number of problematic issues in the field of regulation of this activity are identified, appropriate solutions are proposed.
CAUSES AND METHODS OF PREVENTING EXPLOSIVE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE
Markov V. F., Maskaeva L. N., Markov E.
Keywords: ammonium nitrate, explosive thermal decomposition, mechanism of thermal decomposition, explosion and fire safety, stabilizing substances.
Considering the inconsistency of data on the causes of catastrophic explosions of ammonium nitrate and the need to ensure guaranteed safety when handling it, this article attempts to analyze the causes and mechanism of its explosive thermal decomposition. The influence of the conditions and substances that catalyze its decomposition on this process, which occur during the thermal decomposition of autocatalytic reactions that provide self-heating of nitrate, is considered. Methods and ways of preventing the explosive mechanism of thermal decomposition by ammonium nitrate associated with the addition of certain substances of inorganic and organic nature, as well as the mechanism of their action, are considered separately.
ABOUT FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS FOR POWER-SATURATED EQUIPMENT
Pakhomov G. B., Dultsev S. N., Tuzhikov E. N.
Keywords: energy-saturated equipment, two-phase spraying, low-freezing liquid, fire extinguishing system, volumetric extinguishing.
The analysis of fire hazard and existing fire extinguishing systems for energy-saturated equipment was carried out. Fire extinguishing systems of energy-saturated equipment based on two-phase spraying of fire extinguishing liquid are being developed, which implement a volume-surface method of extinguishing in protected areas.
REGULATION OF THE TIME OF ARRIVAL OF EMPLOYEES OF THE FEDERAL STATE FIRE SUPERVISION AT THE FIRE PLACE
Karpov S. Yu.
Keywords: fire, operational time of arrival at the scene of the fire, effective boundaries of the interrogator's service, headcount management, fire investigation, crime detection, interrogator, fire safety.
The article discusses the issue of establishing the optimal time during which an employee of the Federal State Fire Supervision (FGPN) EMERCOM of Russia must arrive to collect evidence at the fire site.
The article discusses the issue of establishing the most favorable time during which an employee of the Federal State Fire Supervision (FGPN) EMERCOM of Russia must arrive to collect evidence at the site of the fire.
Taking into account various factors, and in particular with an increase in the time from the moment the fire was extinguished and the beginning of the initial inspection of the fire site, the trace picture changes significantly, many material evidences lose their informational component. As a consequence, this leads to the loss of criminally significant traces of the cause of the fire, a decrease in crime detection in hot pursuit. Therefore, in many respects, a successful investigation of a fire directly depends on the prompt arrival of an interrogator of the Russian Emergencies Ministry at the fire site. Solving the issue of establishing the time of prompt arrival will improve the quality of investigations into fire cases and form the basis for establishing in the future the optimal territorial boundaries of service by the investigator of the Federal State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia.
The analysis of the regulatory legal acts showed that to date, the time of the operational arrival of the investigator of the Federal State Security Service of the Russian Emergencies Ministry has not been established. The method proposed in the article for determining the time of an operational entrance takes into account the average time of service of a fire by fire departments in the controlled territory of an investigator during a long observation period. The developed approach for determining the desired time of arrival at the fire site of the interrogator will allow the decision-maker (DM), along with other factors, to form the optimal service boundaries by the FGPN employee in the investigation of fires.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RELEVANCE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SMS MESSAGES IN THE PROCESS OF ORGANIZING NOTIFICATION AND INFORMING THE POPULATION ABOUT EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Li-Zun-Xiang Yu. R., Yatsenko E. S.
Keywords: emergency notification and information, SMS messages, questionnaires, measures to protect the population from emergencies, mobile communications.
The article presents the results of a survey of the population of the Altai territory on the relevance and effectiveness of SMS messages from the Ministry of emergency situations. The majority of respondents rated SMS messages as the most convenient, affordable and effective way to inform about emergencies. The authors analyzed the content of text MESSAGES for compliance with the requirements, which showed that most messages exceed the required number of characters. During verification of the forecast information provided in SMS messages, it was found that 95 % advise the events that occurred. The article presents a number of problems that arise during the work of the Ministry of emergency situations with SMS-informing the population about emergencies, and suggests ways to solve them.
FIRE HAZARD FACTORS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REGIONS
Shterenzon V. A., Khudyakova S. A., Stepanov O. I., Grenaderov A. N.
Keywords: fire safety, number of fires, number of deaths, material damage, correlation analysis.
This paper discusses the impact of climatic, socio-economic and geographical factors on the quantitative indicators of fire safety in 2018 (the number of fires, material damage, the number of deaths). The initial data for the study were statistical data of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia on fires and fire safety for 2018 [2], data from Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service) on indicators of socio-economic development of regions of the Russian Federation [3–10], statistical meteorological data on weather in different regions of the Russian Federation [11, 12].
Applied statistical analysis was used as the mathematical support for the study, and the statistical graphical system Statgraphics Plus for Windows [13] was used as software.
It was revealed that in 2018 the most serious problems with fires, fatalities and material damage were in regions with a large population, a higher level of industrial development, and a higher index of the quality of life of people in this region.
OBTAINING COMPRESSION FOAM FROM MOTOR PUMPS TO EXTINGUISH FOREST FIRES
Shavaleev M. R., Krektunov A. A., Tuzhikov E. N., Osipenko S. I.
Keywords: compression foam, installation, fire extinguishing, motor pump.
The article discusses the possibility of obtaining compression foam using portable fire engine pumps to extinguish forest fires and create fire barriers. The parameters of the formed compression foam are determined.
FIRE TESTS OF CABLE PRODUCTS WITH FIREPROOF COATINGS OF DIFFERENT CHEMICAL NATURE AT STANDARD FIRE TEMPERATURE
Mansurov T. H., Bezzaponnaya O. V., Golovina E. V., Kontobojceva M. G.
Keywords: fire retardant cable coatings, cable products, foam, fire retardant efficiency, full-scale fire tests, test setup, standard fire temperature.
The paper considers the results of studies of fragments of a cable product of the AVVGng (ms) 4×95 brand in vertical and horizontal orientation in space with fire-retardant cable coatings of various chemical nature at the temperature of a standard fire.
In the course of experimental studies, it was revealed that the spatial orientation of a cable product with applied fire-retardant cable coatings does not have a noticeable effect on the heating time to critical temperatures. The effects of increased smoke generation and a decrease in temperature in the test setup due to the onset of thermal destruction of PVC-compound and phlegmatization of a combustible mixture of propane-butane with air with halogen-containing compounds were observed in all flame retardants. The results of studies of the time to reach critical temperatures of cable products when using fire-resistant coatings on binders of various chemical nature are presented.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO MAINTAIN SOURCES OF EXTERNAL FIRE-FIGHTING WATER SUPPLY ON THE TERRITORY OF THE MUNICIPALITY
Makarkin S. V., Bugreev A. I.
Keywords: fire safety, local government bodies, sources of external fire-fighting water supply.
The article analyzes the provisions of legislative and other normative legal acts, normative documents regulating the activities of local self-government bodies on the content of sources of external fire-fighting water supply, as well as the requirements for them. The main problems of the state of sources of external fire-fighting water supply are determined.
2020 № 3 (28)
CURRENT STATE OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATION AND FIRE SAFETY ON WATER TRANSPORT
Kalach A. V., Loran N. M., Nikolaev D. I.
Keywords: water transport, cargo transportation, fire safety, container ship, risk.
The article considers topical problems of fire safety in water transport (container ships). Dynamics and peculiarities of organization of transportation of large cargoes by sea analyzed. Data about fires on containerships are given.
APPLICATION OF METHODS OF DELPHI AND ANALYSIS OF HIERARCHIES AT THE CHOICE OF THE PRIORITY SCENARIO OF DEVELOPMENT OF EMERGENCY SITUATION AT THE PROTECTED OBJECT
Kovalskii F. S., Mosolov A. S., Prus Yu. V.
Keywords: priority scenario, hierarchy analysis method, shifted ideal method, Delphi method, technological security, integrated security of fuel and energy facilities, terrorist act, threat of technical impact.
The article discusses the application of expert assessment methods, which are advisable to use for decision making in the presence of a large number of alternatives and multidirectional criteria. The possibility of using the “hierarchy analysis method” and the “Delphi method” to determine the priority scenario for the development of an emergency in the event of an act of unlawful interference, including a terrorist act, is investigated by an internal violator by realizing a threat of technical impact on critical elements of the object.
STUDY OF THE FIRE HAZARD LEVEL IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION USING UNBIASED ESTIMATION
Kharin V. V., Bobrinev E. V., Udavtsova E. YU., Kondashov A. A.
Keywords: the number of fires, fire danger, death, injury, unbiased estimation.
Various approaches to estimating the level of fire danger of territories in the Russian Federation are analyzed. The problem issues that arise when using such indicators as "number of fires" and "number of people killed in fires" to assess the level of fire danger are considered.
Due to changes in the accounting procedure for fires and their consequences, the number of fires and people killed in them increased in the Russian Federation in 2018. In this regard, it is considered possible to use the indicator "number of fires and fires" to assess the level of fire danger, but this estimate will be biased, since this approach summarizes clearly heterogeneous events. The use of the indicator "average number of people killed in fires" to estimate the level of fire danger is also incorrect, since the law does not normalize the average death of people in fires, but the death of at least one person as a result of a fire.
It is shown that the indicator "number of fires with loss of life" gives an unbiased estimation of the level of fire danger. The use of the indicator "the ratio of the number of dead and injured in fires" to characterize the level of fire danger is considered. The dynamics of the fire danger level in the Russian Federation was studied using the indicators "number of fires with death" and "ratio of injured and dead in fires".
MATHEMATICAL MODEL AMOUNT FIRE IN SVERDLOVSKOY AREA
Kaybichev I. A., Tuzhikov E. N.
Keywords: amount fire, Sverdlovsk region, correlation analysis, regression analysis, mathematical model.
It is executed регрессионный analysis to dependencies amount fire in Sverdlovskoy area from consumer expenses at the average at month per capita. It is installed that minimum average importance square of the mistake gives the linear model.
USING A NEURON TO PREDICT THE NUMBER OF FIRES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Kaibichev I. A., Kaibicheva E. I.
Keywords: the number of fires, Russian Federation, forecasting, neural network.
The possibility of using a neuron to predict the number of fires in the Russian Federation is considered. The calculation consists of the stages of neuron training and prediction. At the training stage, data for 3 consecutive years was used. The indicators of the current year were used as a reference, and the data for the previous two years allowed us to determine the weighting coefficients. At the forecast stage, the neuron inputs were fed data from the last two years and received a forecast value for the next year at the output. Comparison of actual and forecast values for the period 2004 – 2018 showed that the value of the relative error module was in the range from 0.59 to 4.21 %. The proposed forecast method gives 98.58 % confidence in the description of the real situation for the period 2004 – 2018.
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS BASED ON A MATRIX REPRESENTATION OF FIRE RISKS
Prus Yu. V., Chistyakova A. A., Prus M. Yu.
Keywords: technological risk, natural risk, fire risk, sociotechnical system, risk-based approach, security system.
The problems of adaptation of the model toconstruction of security systems and risk management in sociotechnical systems are discussed. The article substantia tesexpediency of transition to the matrix form of presentation of technogenic, natural and fire risks. Forms of matrix components are proposed which arerepresent the probabilistic parameters and characteristics of possible consequences of adverse events, allowing to consider the effectiveness of measures to prevent threats and protect against dangerous factors.
THE EFFECT OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES EMISSION PARAMETERS AT THE GAS-OIL FIELD ON THE DISPERSAL OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Dobrynina N. Yu., Yakubova T. V.
Keywords: gas gusher, mass of ejection, combustion product, dispersal zone, maximum dispersal zone.
This article presents the results of the application of the calculating method of harmful emissions into the atmosphere in relation to the injection from the flame of the gas or gas-oil gusher. The mass of ejection is chosen because this parameter has the greatest impact on the dispersal of combustion products into the atmosphere. The distribution of the surface concentration of harmful substances was obtained. The dispersal area, the maximum emission zone, the maximum concentration of harmful substances were determined. It was established that the area of harmful substances dispersal increases with an increase in the mass of emissions, with the constancy of the maximum dispersal zone. There is a direct proportional relationship between the mass of the combustion product and its concentration.
EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE ON WOOD UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS BY THERMAL ANALYSIS METHODS
Bezzaponnaya O. V.
Keywords: exposure temperature, fire source, wood, thermal analysis methods, thermoanalytical characteristics.
The article describes a methodological approach for assessing thermal effects on wooden building structures. It was found that it is advisable to use thermoanalytical characteristics as criteria for assessing the temperature of impact on wood using thermal analysis methods: the number of peaks on the differential thermogravimetry curve, weight loss at 400 °C
(∆m 400, %), ash residue at 700 °C (ZO700 °C), temperature at a weight loss of 40% (T40%). The results of the application of the method of thermal analysis to diagnose the temperature of the impact on pine wood and the fire center are presented.
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE SYSTEM FOR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PARAMETERS OF DEVICES WITH HIGH-SPEED LIQUID SUPPLY
Pakhomov G. B., Dultsev S. N., Tuzhikov E. N.
Keywords: software and hardware system, liquid atomization, liquid feed rate, jet thrust, nozzle.
A software and hardware complex has been created for experimental research of parameters of devices with high-speed liquid supply. An experimental determination of the flow rate, thrust created by the fluid flow, feed rate and Re number for conoidal nozzles was performed. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the proposed method and the developed hardware and software design provide high accuracy and reproducibility of measurements. The results of these studies allow us to use the created complex in the development and testing of liquid spraying devices intended for performing works on prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergencies.
ANALYSIS OF EXPLOSIVES USED WHILE DRILLING AND EXPLOSION WORKS IN THE CAREER OF JSC «LEBEDINSKIY GOK»
Yastrebinskaya A. V., Atanova E. N.
Keywords: JSC Lebedinsky GOK, blasting, explosives, mining, rock fortress.
The calculations of the maximum one-time and gross emissions of harmful gases and dust using explosives with different compositions. An analysis of the results showed that the use of emulsion explosives allows several times to reduce the maximum one-time and gross emissions. The use of additional irrigation of the explosion surface with solutions of surfactants will lead to the formation of a “crust”, which will help to reduce the height of the dust and gas cloud, and the use of hydraulic shutter will reduce the thermal temperature, thereby additionally reducing the maximum one-time and total emissions of harmful substances generated as a result of mass explosions in the quarry of Lebedinsky GOK JSC.
RESEARCH OF LOW-FREEZING SOLUTIONS FOR FOAM FIRE FIGHTING
Pakhomov G. B., Dultsev S. N., Tuzhikov E. N.
Keywords: antifreeze, foaming, ethylene glycol, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium acetate.
Foaming solutions based on salt antifreezes were prepared and their properties were studied in conditions of accelerated aging. The results of these studies can be used for the preparation and improvement of recipes for low-freezing solutions for foam firefighting.
STUDY OF CABLE PRODUCTS WITH FIRE-PROTECTIVE COATINGS OF DIFFERENT CHEMICAL NATURE UNDER STANDARD FIRE TEMPERATURE
Mansurov T. H., Bezzaponnaya O. V., Golovina E. V., Safronova I. G.
Keywords: fire retardant cable coatings, cable products, PVC compounds, foam, fire retardant efficiency, full-scale fire tests, test setup, standard fire temperature.
The paper presents the results of a study of fragments of a cable product of the AVVGng (ms) 4x95 brand in vertical and horizontal positions with applied flame retardant coatings of various chemical nature at the temperature regime of a standard fire.
According to the results of experimental studies, it was found that the use of fire-retardant cable coatings of various chemical natures makes it possible to increase the time to reach the critical temperatures of the cable at the temperature regime of a standard fire by up to two times, regardless of the location of the cable samples, and also to reduce the thermal effects at the initial stage of testing due to PVC combustion. The effects of increased smoke generation and a decrease in the temperature of the test setup revealed in the course of the experiments due to the onset of thermal degradation of PVC-compound, dilution and phlegmatization of a combustible mixture of propane-butane with air with halogen-containing compounds were also observed when a fire retardant was applied to the cable, but at higher temperatures in the test setup. The tasks of further research of fire retardant cable coatings of various chemical nature are determined.
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN FORECASTING AND PREVENTING EMERGENCIES IN THE VORONEZH REGION
Shimon N. S., Kalach A. V., Kuprienko P. S., Arkhipov M.I.
Keywords: unmanned aircraft, forecast, emergency, monitoring.
Examples of increasing the information value of photographs obtained using unmanned aircraft are given. The results of real monitoring of flooding on the example of Voronezh region presented. The authors paid special attention to the prospects of using and developing the possibilities of using unmanned aircraft in forecasting and preventing emergencies.
CLARIFICATIONS TO THE METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE NUMBER OF FIRE UNITS NEEDED TO ORGANIZE WATER DELIVERY TO THE FIRE SITE BY PUMPING
Malyutin O. S., Maliy V. P., Duplyakov G. S.
Keywords: fire service, tactics, fire units management, water supply on fire, mobile fire units, pumping, pump-hose systems.
The article describes a refined method for calculating the required number of mobile firefighting equipment for organizing water delivery to the fire site by pumping. The existing method accepted for use at the moment is considered. A specific example shows its disadvantages when performing calculations. The way to eliminate these shortcomings is described and changes to the methodology are proposed. The results of calculations showing the correctness of the updated method are presented.
ANALYSIS OF DATA ON THE DETECTION OF FOREST FIRES IN THE SVERDLOVSK REGION
Krektunov A. A., Kornilov A. A., Zalesov S. V., Tokarev D. S.
Keywords: forest fire, forest fire detection methods, forest fire detection area, ground forest patrol, video monitoring, space monitoring.
The paper presents the results of analysis of a large volume of statistical data on the occurrence and detection of forest fires in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region. The effectiveness of various methods for detecting forest fires is analyzed.Keywords: forest fire, forest fire detection methods, forest fire detection area, ground forest patrol, video monitoring, space monitoring.
APPROACH TO THE USING OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN IMPROVING PREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE FIRE SAFETY FIELD
Makarova T. P., Baturo A. N. Shirinkin P. V.
Keywords: fire safety, state fire supervision, prevention of fires, questioning.
The article is devoted on the using of scientifically based tools aimed at improving preventive activities in the fire safety field on the example of the closed city of Zelenogorsk. Monitoring of efficiency and targeting in the fire safety field is provided when the preventive measures is organizing and implementing. A possible approach using of sociological research is offer as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures and developing ways to improve them. The article presents the main indicators of the situation with fires: their number, main causes, places of origin, etc., the number of people killed and injured in fires in the closed city of Zelenogorsk. The level of awareness and behavior in the fire safety field was established and based on the data of a sociological research of the residents in the closed city of Zelenogorsk. The main target groups of the population, that have the greatest demand in the orientation of preventive measures in the fire safety field, are determined on the analysis of the data obtained. A procedure for using a questioning of the population was offered on the basis of the study, and the main ways of improving the prevention program for the closed city of Zelenogorsk were formulated.
2020 № 2 (27)
CONCEPTUAL METHODOLOGY FOR ENSURING FIRE SAFETY IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Korolev D. S.
Keywords: molecular descriptors, artificial neural networks, fire safety, oil and gas complex, hierarchy.
The scientific article analyzes the main tax residents of the Russian Federation. It was noted that the main contribution to the country's budget is made by the oil and gas sector (about 50 %). However, various factors, including sanctions, affect the Russian raw materials economy. Therefore, oil and gas producers need to develop the oil and gas industry through the introduction of innovative technologies.
It is worth noting that the industry in question is one of the most explosive and fire hazardous, and, therefore, requires close attention from the point of view of ensuring fire safety. Thus, the author of the article shows the hierarchy of controlling the oil and gas complex, proposes a conceptual methodology for ensuring fire safety by using an intelligent method for predicting the fire hazard properties of substances in oil products using molecular descriptors and artificial neural networks.
INVESTIGATION OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE THERMAL STABILITY OF FOAM ON THE CONCENTRATION OF THE FOAMING AGENT
Koksharov A. V., Osipenko S. I., Gaynullina E. V., Krektunov A. A.
Keywords: thermal stability of foam, foam stability, syneresis, foaming agent, air-mechanical foam, fluorosynthetic foaming agent, foam multiplicity, the density of the foam.
The dependence of the thermal stability of the foam on the concentration of the foaming agent is studied. It was found that the foam obtained from synthetic foaming agents has the highest resistance to temperature effects, observed at a concentration close to the limit of foaming capacity. The thermal stability of the foam obtained from fluorosynthetic (film-forming) foaming agents increases with increasing concentration of the foaming agent.
ON THE ISSUE OF MANAGING FORCES AND MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FOREST FIRES
Karapuzikov A. A., Dyakov V. F., Koksharov A. V., Dyakov M. V., Stavrinidi S. Y., Belkin D. S.
Keywords: fire, headquarters to extinguish of forest fire, fire extinguishing Manager, method of extinguishing.
This article provides an overview of forest fires by their number, as well as by the amount of destroyed forest lands that occurred on the territory of the Russian Federation over the past five years. The main organizational and legal documents regulating the protection of forests from fires are presented. The article presents a structural and logical scheme for managing forces and means to extinguish forest fires, based on the principle of unity of command, which determines the order of management interaction in the course of extinguishing a fire between direct participants in this process. Characteristics of forest fires are given, as well as a detailed description of the methods and techniques for eliminating the burning of forest combustible materials using various fire extinguishing media with a demonstration of these methods. The main tasks necessary for solving the forest fire investigation during the fire extinguishing process are defined. For successful implementation of issues in the organization of management of forces and means in a forest fire, the main responsibilities of the fire extinguishing Manager are shown, as well as the main functions of the headquarters for extinguishing forest fires are defined.
PROBABILISTIC AND STATISTICAL METHOD OF ACCOUNTING THE AVAILABILITY OF THE WIND WHEN EVALUATING THE HEAT FLOW OF A FIRE OF FLAMMABLE FLUID
Zykov P. I., Subachev S. V., Subacheva A. A., Peshkov A. V.
Keywords: modeling of fires, calculation of fire risk, fire hazard of industrial facilities.
When performing fire risk calculations at industrial facilities with flammable liquids and analyzing the heat flow of a spill fire, it is necessary to determine whether the considered point of territory is located on the leeward side of the fire flame. The paper presents an improved algorithm that allows to quickly and accurately determine the probability of a point entering the leeward sector. The algorithm is implemented in the PromRisk computer program, designed to calculate fire risks at industrial facilities.
ABOUT THE ACTIVE WAY OF INCREASE OF ADAPTATION OF THE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM FIRE TRUCK DIESEL
TO LOW TEMPERATURES
Savin M. A., Fedotov V. V., Borisov А. L.
Keywords: low temperatures, fire truck, diesel engine, fuel supply system, paraffin loss, fuel heating, compressor.
Failures and malfunctions of the fuel supply system of a fire truck diesel engine (PA) in low-temperature conditions associated with the use of fuel that does not fully correspond to the ambient temperature, it is proposed to exclude by increasing its temperature in the tank. To do this, the excess fuel previously heated in the functioning high-pressure fuel pump and injectors is additionally intensively heated in the cavity of the cooling jacket of the working compressor of the working brake system of the base chassis by utilizing the heat released during its operation, and only then sent to the tank for drainage. In the "winter" tank, the fuel drain line and the fuel intake pipe are aggregated into a fuel drain and intake unit, which is structurally designed either in the form of a classic jet pump, or according to the "pipe in a pipe" scheme, and the working fluid is hot fuel.
The article presents the results of comparative experiments that convincingly demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed and tested technical solution.
INFLUENCE OF THE CHANGED ORDER OF ACCOUNTING FOR FIRES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE TARGET PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FEDERAL STATE FIRE SUPERVISION
Krektunov A. A., Shavaleev M. R., Koksharov A. V., Efimov I. A., Perevalov A. S., Cherepanov E. A.
Keywords: accounting for fires and their consequences, key performance indicators, target values of performance indicators, control and supervision activities, Federal state fire supervision.
The article provides a list of characteristics of key and indicative indicators that most fully reflect the effectiveness of Federal state supervision at the present stage in the sphere of activity of the Ministry of emergency situations of Russia. A comparative analysis of the calculated key performance indicators of the Federal state fire supervision in the sphere of competence of the Ministry of emergency situations of Russia for 2019 and the target values set by regulatory legal acts is carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the impact of the changed procedure for accounting for fires and their consequences on these indicators and the need to determine and use a comprehensive assessment of the indicators of group "A", "B" and "C".
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LIFE OF SAFE OPERATION OF COMPOSITE AND STEEL REINFORCEMENT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT FLOW FROM THE FIRE SOURCE
Sharhun S. V., Ojegov E. A., Mokrousova O. A., Shirinkin P. V.
Keywords: heat flow, temperature, fire, steel reinforcement, composite reinforcement, loss of integrity, static deflection, resistance to heat flow.
The article presents the results of laboratory tests to determine the resource of safe operation of composite reinforcement under the influence of heat flow from a possible fire source, as well as the comparative characteristic of steel and composite reinforcement on a number of mechanical properties. The question was raised about the need to develop a reliable methodology allowing to determine the fire resistance limits of concrete structures reinforced with composite reinforcement.
FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF PNEUMAHYDRAULIC DRIVE OF THE HYDRAULIC EMERGENCY RESCUE TOOL IN SUMMER AND WINTER PERIODS
Kiselev V. V., Toporov A. V., Zarubin V. P., Yakovenko T. A., Saykin M. S.
Keywords: hydraulic rescue tool, drive, air pump, experimental sample, test, temperature.
This article describes the design of the prototype pneumatic-hydraulic drive hydraulic emergency rescue tool, in which the source of energy is air under pressure. A distinctive feature of the prototype is its knapsack design, which allows one rescuer to perform work with the hydraulic emergency rescue tool. The created device can be used in rescue operations in various climatic conditions, both at negative and positive ambient temperatures. The article presents the results of operational tests of a prototype in the summer and winter periods.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF FIRE DAMAGE
Oparin I. D., Yashin A. A., Terentev V. V.
Keywords: comprehensive fire damage, comprehensive damage assessment, damage classification, methodological principles, assessment methods, expert interviews.
The paper provides main methodological principles of comprehensive assessment of fire damage are formulated. The developed methodological principles allow us to filter out the least important parameters and focus on the factors that largely determine the completeness of the comprehensive assessment of fire damage. The paper analyzes the main existing methods for assessing damage from fires and emergencies. Based on the conducted research, the distinctive features of the presented methods and their main disadvantages are identified. Based on statistical data on fire damage in the Sverdlovsk region, the most complete classification of complex fire damage has been compiled, which takes into account the assessment of indirect economic, socio-economic and environmental-economic damage from fires. In the course of the research, the author conducted a number of expert interviews with experts in the field of fire damage assessment: appraisers, insurance company experts, and fire protection officers.
ABOUT PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF FIRING COMBAT CLOTHING: ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTION AND COMPLIANCE WITH MODERN REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS IN THE FIELD OF INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION MEANS
Tuzhikov E. N., Stakheev M. V., Dultsev S. N.
Keywords: firefighter’s combat clothing, safety device, safety harness, sling, fall shock absorber.
The article discusses the problem and the need to modernize fire fighting clothing in the light of modern international and domestic regulatory requirements in the field of personal protective equipment. The analysis of the modern design of fire fighting clothing. The author presents a constructive solution for the modernization of fire fighting clothing.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE HYDROELEVATOR SYSTEM
Barakovskikh S. A., Karama E. A., Konkov V. F., Popova S.V.
Keywords: optimization, hydraulic Elevator , water intake, calculation, fire hose.
One of the factors that significantly complicate fire fighting is the lack of water. If the sources are located at a considerable distance, the implementation of water delivery requires a large amount of equipment and the involvement of all personnel. Statistics show that the condition for the development of a fire to a large size is an unsatisfactory fire-fighting water supply of the object. Direct water intake by fire trucks from natural water sources is often hindered by steep and swampy banks. In such cases, it is necessary to use the g-600 hydraulic Elevator and its modifications for water intake. Reliable operation of technical systems is an important condition for uninterrupted water supply of fire equipment and reducing damage from fires. The article deals with the issues of ensuring reliable water supply from external water sources using hydroelevators. The main purpose of operation of such installations and, accordingly, their function is to ensure uninterrupted supply of water through the hoses from a great depth or from a remote source. The calculation and practical justification of the water intake scheme is given, and the issues of optimizing the number of pressure hoses for starting a hydroelevator system with two G-600s are considered. The efficiency of the hydroelevator system has been proven, when replacing the pressure hoses for feeding to the hydroelevator with a diameter of 66 mm by a diameter of 51 mm. Thus, in the process of solving the optimization problem, which we understand as the process of choosing the best option from a set of all possible options, we justified the optimal value of the parameters that determine this problem.
ACCOUNTING ERRORS OF PREVIOUS PERIOD IN PREDICTING THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF THE OPERATIONAL RESPONSE OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA
Kaibichev I. A., Barbin N. M.
Keywords: the amount fire, Russian Federation, age of the perpetrator of the fire, aproximation to dependencies.
The Object of the study is an aproximation to dependencies amount fire in Russian Federation from age of the perpetrator. The Purpose of the study to define the functional type a relationship amount fire from age of the perpetrator. For aproximation are used three varieties to models Ferhyulista: classical, modernized and with variable velocity of the growing. Absolutely exactly, the actual results describes the model Ferhyulista with variable velocity of the growing.
EXPERIENCE OF SIMULATION OF UNIDIRECTIONAL SYSTEM OF JET VENTILATION OF UNDERGROUND CAR PARK IN SMOKE REMOVAL MODE
Sharhun S. V., Ozhegov E. A., Frankevich A. E., Sedov D. V., Shubkin R. G., Kolbin T. S.
Keywords: Fan, jet ventilation, automatic smoke removal system in case of fire, simulation, underground parking, mesh cell size, design domains.
The article presents the results of modeling of the jet ventilation system for the underground parking lot of the residential building. The possibility of using ventilation and air conditioning elements implemented in the Fire Dynamics Simulator software complex in modeling jet ventilation systems was considered. Thresholds of cell size values are identified, the use of which is permissible in modeling of similar systems and processes going on in them.
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE SYSTEM FOR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PARAMETERS OF DEVICES WITH HIGH-SPEED LIQUID SUPPLY
Pakhomov G. B., Dultsev S. N., Tuzhikov E. N.
Keywords: software and hardware system, liquid atomization, liquid feed rate, jet thrust, nozzle.
A software and hardware complex has been created for experimental research of parameters of devices with high-speed liquid supply. An experimental determination of the flow rate, thrust created by the fluid flow, feed rate and Re number for conoidal nozzles was performed. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the proposed method and the developed hardware and software design provide high accuracy and reproducibility of measurements. The results of these studies allow us to use the created complex in the development and testing of liquid spraying devices intended for performing works on prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergencies.
2020 № 1 (26)
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF SATURATION OF THE FREE VOLUME OF DEVICES WITH FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS MODIFIED WITH CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES
Ponomarev A. N., Loran N. M., Gumenyuk V. I.
Keywords: ethanol, astralenes, saturated vapor pressure, liquid temperature, combustible medium.
The results of studying the process of saturation of the free volume of an apparatus with ethanol modified by carbon nanostructures are presented. The saturated vapor pressure of ethanol modified with astralenes is reduced by 40 % compared to an unmodified liquid. The calculated data show a decrease in liquid temperature in the apparatus by an average of 60–70 %. The values of the storage time of the combustible medium in the apparatus are reduced by an average of 90 % for a concentration of 0,25 vol.% Astralenes in ethanol. However, with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles (0,50 vol.% Or more), it becomes necessary to use additional methods for stabilizing nanofluids.
APPLICATION OF FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS IN DETERMINING THE NUMBER AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT OF FIRE DEPARTMENTS OF THE ENTERPRISE
Umarov A. S., Satiukov R. S., Zykov P. I.
Keywords: fire safety of the enterprise, the number and technical equipment of the fire department, fire scenario, “domino effect”, fire risk, oil products storage tank farm.
The expediency of the risk-oriented approach in the construction of an effective system of fire protection of the object, in terms of determining the necessary number and technical equipment of fire departments of the enterprise, on the example of the tank farm storage of oil and petroleum products.
ACCOUNTING ERRORS OF PREVIOUS PERIOD IN PREDICTING THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF THE OPERATIONAL RESPONSE OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA
Kaibichev I. A., Kaibicheva E. I.
Keywords: rapid response indicators, Federal fire service, exponential smoothing method, accounting for the error of the previous period between the forecast and actual values, Russian Federation.
The object of the study is to take into account the error of the previous period between the forecast and actual values in the mathematical forecast of the main indicators of rapid response of the Federal emergency service of Russia. The purpose of the study is to show the usefulness of taking into account the error of the previous period in the forecast of operational response indicators of the Federal emergency service of Russia. The study used the exponential smoothing method. The author proposes a modernization of this method taking into account the error of the previous period. The study found that taking into account the errors of the previous period led to an improvement in the quality of the forecast by 18.11-88.37 %.
ASSESSMENT OF FIRE HAZARD LEVEL OF TRADE AND PUBLIC CATERING FACILITIES
Udavtsova E. YU., Bobrinev E. V., Kondashov A. A., Kharin V. V., SHavyrina T. A.
Keywords: fire safety, statistical data, objects of trade and public catering, death, injuries.
The problems of assessing the level of fire hazard of trade and public catering facilities are considered. The assessment of the level of fire danger in groups of similar objects using statistical data was carried out. It is shown that most often fires occur at the objects of market trade, but under the influence of dangerous factors in such fires gets fewer people than in fires at retail and catering facilities. Less often fires occur at public catering facilities in rural areas. It is noted that the average number of people injured in fires at trade and public catering facilities in cities is 2.9 times higher than in rural settlements. Attention is drawn to the fire safety systems at retail facilities in rural areas due to the low ratio of the number of people injured in fires to the dead.
WAYS OF IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF WORK OF THE INSPECTOR OF THE STATE FIRE SUPERVISION (GPN) IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVENTIVE WORK WITH THE POPULATION
Chistyakova A. A., PrusYu. V., Chistyakov A. A.
Keywords: fire risk, sociotechnical system, security system, preventive measures, risk-based approach, fire safety management.
A model for implementing a risk-based approach with intelligent support for management decisions in the field of fire safety, using tools for assessing fire risks in social engineering systems, is proposed. New indicators of the effectiveness of planning preventive activities were introduced, based on the modified vector-matrix representation of fire risks in the residential sector. New approaches to planning preventive work with the population aimed at fire prevention and fire promotion are described.
REQUIREMENTS FOR PREVENTIVE MEASURES CARRIED OUT IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION BY RISK GROUPS
Chistyakova A. A., Prus Yu. V., Volodchenkova V. V.
Keywords: fire safety, preventive measures, organizational measures, control and Supervisory measures, propaganda and training, the object of influence, the affected subject, fire risk, risk groups, population.
The groups of preventive measures carried out in the residential sector by the inspector of the state fire supervision with certain planning requirements are described. Expediency of work on fire safety with the population taking into account the address orientation is proved. Distribution of objects of influence of the most vulnerable on psychophysiological, social and age signs on risk groups is offered. The authors consider the main directions of preventive work in the residential sector. The necessity of carrying out an assessment of efficiency and effectiveness of preventive measures is revealed.
RESEARCH OF FIRE PROTECTIVE CABLE COATINGS BY THERMAL ANALYSIS AND FIRE TEST METHODS
Mansurov T. H., Bezzaponnaya O. V., Golovina E. V., Kontobojceva M. G.
Keywords: fire retardant cable coatings, cable products, foam, thermal resistance, fire retardant efficiency, full-scale fire tests, synchronous thermal analysis.
The paper discusses issues related to the study of the performance of fire-retardant cable coatings during fire tests, as well as the determination of the thermoanalytic characteristics of flame retardants to develop criteria for assessing the heat resistance of fire-retardant cable coatings by thermal analysis.
As a result of experimental studies, it was found that the main thermoanalytic characteristics of fire-retardant cable coatings: mass loss, ash residue at the end of the experiment and change in heat capacity, are sufficiently informative and can be used to develop criteria for assessing the heat resistance of fire-retardant cable coatings by thermal analysis methods. Subsequently, these criteria can be used in the development of methods for assessing the heat resistance of fire-retardant cable coatings by thermal analysis methods.
SOME PROBLEMS OF ENSURING SAFETY OF OIL AND GAS COMPLEX FACILITIES IN RUSSIA
Kalach A. V., Loran N. М., Sharapov S. V.
Keywords: аccident, fire safety, oil and gas complex, prevention.
The article presents data on some problems in ensuring fire and industrial safety of oil and gas complex facilities in Russia. Data of statistics of typical accidents at petrochemical, oil and gas processing and oil product supply facilities are given. A list of preventive measures aimed at increasing the level of fire safety of the considered protection objects is proposed.
EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL SOLUTION TO ENSURE FIRE AND EXPLOSION SAFETY DURING PRE-REPAIR PREPARATION ON TECHNOLOGICAL OIL PRODUCT WIRES
Nazarov V. P., Artemov A. S., Kulichenko O. A., Salikhov A. M., Kokorin V. V., Shakhmanov F.F.
Keywords: technological oil product pipeline, purging equipment, pre-ore preparation, fire and explosion safety, repair work.
The results of an experiment are presented that substantiates the proposed engineering solution for ensuring fire and explosion safety during pre-repair preparation on technological oil product pipelines by purging the emergency section of the pipeline with air, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in various ways.
RESEARCH OF THE PROCESSES OF THERMAL OXIDATIVE TESTING OF TOBACCO BY THE METHOD OF THERMAL ANALYSIS
Bezzaponnaya O. V., Gluhih P. A.
Keywords: thermo-oxidative destruction of tobacco, thermal analysis method, decay, thermal effect, heat emission rate.
The physicochemical regularities of the processes of thermal oxidative degradation of tobacco of various brands of cigarettes by thermal analysis to analyze the smoldering process and assess their fire hazard are considered. It has been established that tobacco thermolysis proceeds in three stages: moisture loss, decay, burning. The highest rate of weight loss is observed in the second stage. The thermal exothermic effect of the combustion stage exceeds the thermal effect of the smoldering stage. Determination of the total thermal effect of thermolysis of tobacco of various brands of cigarettes and the intensity of heat generation at various stages of their thermolysis allowed us to assess the fire hazard of the analyzed tobacco products.
CHOICE OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION FOR REMOVING ASPHALT-RESIN-PARAFFIN DEPOSITS IN MAIN PIPELINES
Muftakhova E. D., Vasilieva T. V., Hafizov F. Sh., Hafizov I. F., Ozden I. V.
Keywords: resin-tar-paraffin deposits; solubility; solvent efficiency; physicochemical composition; efficiency.
The work is devoted to the use of a solvent for cleaning pipelines from asphalt tar-paraffin deposits (AFS).In oil refineries in the process of oil production, refining, transportation and storage of oil, asphalt-tar-paraffin deposits pose a serious threat, both from a technical, economic and environmental point of view.An important factor determining the effectiveness of measures to remove paraffin and search for ways to use them is their quality indicators.Experimental studies on the development of a solvent for the removal of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits in trunk pipelines have been carried out.The test results of four samples of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits with various chemical compositions are presented. Plots of the results of the efficiencies of the developed solvents are constructed.According to the results of performance indicators, the optimal solvent composition for removing asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits was revealed.
2019 № 4 (25)
ABOUT THE TACTICAL POSSIBILITIES OF THE GAS AND SMOKE PROTECTION SERVICE UNITS FOR RESCUE VICTIMS IN SHOPPING MALLS
Stepanov O. I., Zaitceva E. E., Stakheev M. V., Khudiakova S. A.
Keywords: firefighting, extinguishing position, gas and smoke protective service, rescue, evacuation, dangerous factors of fire.
The necessity of research the tactical possibilities of personnel and gas and smoke protection service units is formulated. A procedure is proposed for carrying out experiments with gas and smoke protection service units to identify the limit possibilities to rescue victims. The results of the fire-tactical training experiment in shopping mall are presented. The parameters of the work of gas and smoke protection service units during the fire-tactical training were recorded and presented in the article. The previously obtained information on the possibilities of gas and smoke protection service units to rescue victims was supplemented. The conclusions on expanding the tactical possibilities of gas and smoke protection service units are formulated, taking into account the use of rescue tools. Comparison of the results of the work of gas and smoke protection service units of different assignment is given. Conclusions on the directions for further research on operational-tactical actions by gas and smoke protection service units are given.
EMERGENCY RESCUE (EVACUATION) DOCKING MOBILE ELEVATOR
Kalach A. V., Tararikin A. M., Porkhachev M. Yu., Sotnikov D. I.
Keywords: evacuation, fire, fire safety, elevator, high-rise buildings.
The article describes the design of the mobile elevator device on a special car. At the same time, the elevator assumes the presence of special docking rails and a mechanism ensuring its movement in the vertical plane of the high-rise building. The developed device is proposed to be used for evacuation in case of fire from multi-storey buildings in order to reduce deaths and injuries as a result of untimely evacuation of people from buildings and structures.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE TEMPORARY ROW TO RUINS OF THE PEOPLE AT FIRE ON TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Kaibichev I. A., Kaibicheva E. I.
Keywords: the mathematical model, number ruins of people at fire, temporary row, Russian Federation.
The undertaken attempt to find the type to functional dependency between number погибших at fire on territory of the Russia and factor of time. In process regression analysis are used the most known functions, using in economy and biologies.
EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF AN ENGINEERING SOLUTION TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF HAZARDOUS FACTORS OF THE STRAIT FIRE ON THE LINEAR PART OF THE MAIN OIL PIPELINE
Nazarov V. P, Artemov A. S., Kokorin V. V., Shakhmanov F. F.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DEVICE FOR MOVING CARS
Kiselev V. V., Puchkov P. V., Toporov A. V., Toporova E. A.
Keywords: evacuation, safety, fire, parking, towing device.
Fires in car parkings, especially in underground or multi-level parking lots, pose a serious threat to the lives of citizens and the safety of property. During such fires, the evacuation of road transport is necessary. This paper describes the design of a device intended to move vehicles in the cramped conditions of car parks.
MANAGEMENT OF PREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES AT RISK-BASED REPRESENTATION
Prus Yu. V., Chistyakova A. A., Rossinskaya K. G.
Keywords: technological risk, natural risk, fire risk, socio-technical system, risk-oriented approach, random process, security system.Keywords: technological risk, natural risk, fire risk, socio-technical system, risk-oriented approach, random process, security system.
The history of the development of the mathematical apparatus of the theory of technogenic, natural and fire risks is described, the feasibility of the transition to a vector-matrix form of risk representation is justified. A discrete-event simulation model of the totality of risks in the socio-technical system is proposed, which describes the sequence of events leading to the emergence and implementation of dangers. The authors are considering the option of adapting the proposed model to the management of preventive work to ensure fire safety in the residential sector.
IMPROVEMENT OF FIRE RISK CALCULATION METHODS FOR BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND FIRE COMPARTMENTS OF THE FUNCTIONAL FIRE HAZARD F1-F4 BY ACCOUNTING IN THE PROCESS OF CALCULATING THE AVAILABILITY OF FIRE DOORS
Tryapitsyn A. B., Polunin G. A.
Keywords: fire, fire door, evacuation, blocking escape routes, fire risk.
Since 2008, with the release of the technical regulation «On Fire Safety Requirements», a transition has begun to a new risk-based approach to ensuring fire safety in buildings and structures in the Russian Federation. The new approach was perceived ambiguously by the professional community. Many experts in the field of fire safety justifiably criticized him. The analysis of critical remarks in relation to the risk-based approach to ensuring fire safety was carried out in this article. However, the flexible standardization enshrined in the technical regulation «On Fire Safety Requirements» has a number of advantages, which include the ability to stimulate the owners of buildings and structures to use various technical means to increase the fire safety of people in them. Unfortunately, not all technical means are taken into account when calculating fire risk. In this article, we propose changes to the methodology for calculating fire risk by taking into account the presence of fire doors in the calculation process. The introduction of these changes will allow, in our opinion, in the future to ensure a more effective localization of the fire in buildings and structures, and, therefore, to increase the safety of people in these buildings. The owners of buildings and structures, the modified methodology for calculating fire risk will provide greater flexibility in choosing a set of technical means to ensure the fire safety of people in them.
FIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR COMBUSTIBLE MEDIUM BASED ON SUBSTANCES HANDLING AT OIL AND GAS FACILITIES
Kalach A. V., Cherepakhin A. M., Kalach E. V.
Keywords: Accidents, Fuel Environment, Oil and Gas Complex, Generalized Criterion, Fire Hazard.
The article provides statistical data on accidents at oil and gas complex facilities and presents the approach to fire hazard description, based on the use of the generalized fire hazard criterion and the method of fire hazard assessment of the combustible medium used at oil and gas complex facilities, based on it. A block diagram of the proposed technique is presented.
EXAMINATION OF THE EXTRACTIVE COMPONENTS OF THE SOOT AFTER BURNING OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS IN THE PRESENCE OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS BY MOLECULAR LUMINESCENCE
Medvedev A. Yu., Dement'ev F. A., Kosenko D. V., Ozhegov E. A.
Keywords: soot, soot, extractive components, luminescent analysis, flammable liquid.
In the article was analyzed as the process of soot formation as a result of burning different types of fire load. An experiment is described to simulate soot formation on certain carrier objects, in this case glass, under conditions as close to a real fire. The extractive components of soot was obtained after burning various materials in the presence of flammable liquids were studied. A study of the obtained samples was carried out by the method of luminescent analysis of hexane extracts with different spectral recording modes. The influensce of sampling and it’s preparation on the results was estimated. The luminescence spectra of soot extracts were obtaines, and it is shown that after burning a different fire load can be clearly differentiated. The possibility of detecting traces of flammable liquids deposited on cold surfaces together with soot particles, as well as their diagnosis, is shown. The identified features of the chemical composition of soot extracts are very informative. It is possible to recommend using the developed methodology to search for traces of flammable liquids on relatively cold soot-covered surfaces. The positive results of testing the technique were obtained; using studies of the extracted components, zones with different degrees of heating in a relatively low temperature range from 20÷50 to 400 °C were identified.
DIAGNOSTIC OF FIRE EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE ON FIRE PROTECTIVE COATINGS OF AN INTUMESCENT TYPE BY METHODS OF THERMAL ANALYSIS
Bezzaponnaya O. V., Piskasheva A. S., Efimov I. A., Viguzova E. V., Gluhih P. A.
Keywords: exposure temperature, fire source, fire retardant coatings, thermal methods of analysis, thermoanalytical characteristics.
The article describes a methodological approach for assessing the thermal effect on intumescent fire retardant coatings by thermal analysis methods and determining the source of fire. It has been established that as criteria for assessing the temperature of exposure to fire retardant coatings of an intumescent type it is advisable to use: the number of peaks on the differential thermogravimetric curve, weight loss at a temperature of 500 ° C and ash residue at a temperature of 900 C. The results of applying the methodology for diagnosing the temperature of exposure to fire retardant coatings are presented intumescent type thermal analysis methods to determine the source of the fire.
DEFINITION OF PARAMETERS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SVERDLOVSK REGION, AFFECTING THE FIRE SAFETY OF THE REGION
Kaybichev I. A., Tuzhikov E. N., Perevalov A. S., Sinyakova M. G., Boronina L. N.
Keywords: fire safety, Sverdlovsk region, correlation analysis, selection of factors.
The correlation analysis of fire safety indicators of the Sverdlovsk region and the main indicators of socio-economic development of the region is carried out. The selection of indicators (factors) influencing the number of fires and direct material damage from them is made. With a probability of 0.99 it is established that the number of fires in the Sverdlovsk region depends on consumer spending on average per capita per month, and direct material damage - from the average monthly nominal payroll of employees of organizations.
2019 № 3 (24)
EXISTENCE OF DEPENDENCE OF NUMBER OF CITY FIRES IN REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON TIME
Kaibichev I. A., Kalimullina K. I.
Keywords: correlation analysis, the number of town fires, regions of the Russian Federation, testing the hypothesis of the significance level of the correlation coefficient.
With the help of correlation analysis of statistical data for 2001–2016, the existence of a strong relationship between the number of town fires in the regions of the Russian Federation and the number of the year is established. The exception is the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, for which there is no such dependence. As a result of testing the hypothesis on the significance of the correlation coefficient, it was found that the correlation coefficient between the number of town fires and the year number differs from zero with a probability of 0.99. For the Kabardino-Balkar Republic with probability 0.99 the hypothesis of equality of correlation coefficient to zero is accepted. The confidence interval for the correlation coefficient between the number of fires in the region of the Russian Federation and the year is determined with a probability of 0.99.
SELECTION FOCTORS FOR MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE PEOPLE AT FIRE ON TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIA
Kaibichev I. A., Kaibicheva E. I.
Keywords: selection factors, the mathematical model, number ruins of people at fire.
The Undertaken attempt to find the dependencies between number погибших at fire and main parameter of the operative reaction FPS MCHS Russia. Korrelyacionnyy analysis given 2001-2018 has shown, number погибших at fire depends on average timeses of the report on fire, arrivals first fireman subdivisions, free combustion, localizations of the fire, stewings of the fire, as well as from factor of time which was taken into account by task of the number of the year. However, afore-mentioned parameters of the operative reaction from mathematical model happened to to exclude by reason of their close to linear dependency from time. Is it As a result proved that for modeling amount погибших on territory of the Russia possible to use the mathematical device to theories of the temporary rows.
TRACTION-SPEED CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF THE FIRE TRACKS OF THE NEW GAZ CHASSIS MODELS
Morozova E. A., Krudyshev V. V., Filippov A. V.
Keywords: GAZ trucks, external performance, traction and speed characteristics, dynamic factor.
It is described the calculation method of traction-speed characteristics of the fire engine affecting the movement efficiency. The calculated values of external speed characteristics of fire engines, traction-speed characteristics of the chassis, the dynamic characteristics and the acceleration of the car are represented in the article. These values analysis and their comparison will allow to make a conclusion about the most suitable model of fire engine and basic chassis for the given driving conditions.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF COMPRESSION FOAM TECHNOLOGY NATISK IN FIREFIGHTING
Karapuzikov A. A., Shavaleev M. R., Pallo A. A., Kuzmenko A. A., Bessonov M. E.
Keywords: fire extinguishing, compression foam, calculation of forces and means, foaming agent, solid combustible materials.
This article shows the problem of fighting fires, for which it is necessary to develop and introduce new technologies aimed at improving the operational and tactical actions of fire and rescue units to extinguish various fires that can allow a small number of personnel to perform the tasks of professional activity. The characteristics of the types of compression foam are given, its distinctive features from the air-mechanical foam are shown, and the scope of the extinguishing agent under consideration is given. A review of research papers on the use of compression foam. The effectiveness of extinguishing fires of compression foam technology NATISK is considered, and the results of theoretical calculations for extinguishing a conditional fire in a building with a massive stay of people are compared when comparing fire extinguishing with water and using compression foam. The results obtained allow us to improve the professional activities of fire and rescue units by using them in the process of extinguishing fires at protection facilities. The use of NATISK technology in the suppression of fires by several times reduces the need for personnel of fire and rescue units to carry out activities for the supply of fire extinguishing substances into the combustion zone. It is possible at the initial stage to simultaneously carry out actions to rescue people and extinguish a fire.
THE DEATH OF CHILDREN IN FIRES IN 2012–2018
Kharin V.V., Bobrinev E. V., Kondashov A. A., Udavtsova E. Yu.
Keywords: fire, death, children, safety, city, rural area, electronic bases, subjects of the Russian Federation.
The dynamics of the death of children in fires in the Russian Federation for 2012-2018 is analyzed. The indicator "the percentage of dead children from the total number of dead" and its dynamics in 2012-2018, as well as the distribution of the subjects of the Russian Federation. A tendency to reduce the total number of people killed in fires during the analyzed period was revealed, but a similar decrease in the death of children in fires is not observed. The trend towards a decrease in this indicator in 2018, which began in 2015, has changed to the opposite – an increase of 21%. The subjects of the Russian Federation with the highest number and percentage of dead children from the total number of dead are analyzed.
ON THE REQUIREMENTS FOR TRAINING SIMULATOR OF FIRE RESCUERS RECEPTION AND SAFETY OPERATION METHODS
Perevalov A. S., Rassokhin M. A., Elesina Y. K., Pastukhov K. V., Yurkin A. V.
Keywords: fire rescue training, simulator, work at height, safety.
Modern training of firefighters and rescuers is aimed at the formation of the competencies necessary in their professional activities. For high-quality training in the learning process, it is important to use various simulators that allow you to form practical skills in conducting combat operations to extinguish fires and conduct rescue operations in various conditions. In addition to practical skills, the use of simulators allows you to maintain a high level of psychological readiness to perform professional tasks, to carry out diagnostics of employees and fire brigade employees in order to determine their readiness to fulfill their duties. To develop a training simulator for firefighters and rescue workers, safe methods and methods for performing work at height, the authors structured the relevant requirements.
PROBLEMS OF ENSURING FIRE SAFETY OF WAREHOUSES OF PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Duplyakov G. S., Elfimova M. V.
Keywords: petroleum industry, statistics, fire, explosion, structure, fire safety system,warehouses of petroleum and petroleum products, structure, tank farms, pumping stations, loading and unloading overpasses, problems.
The article presents statistical data on the implementation of dangerous man-made phenomena in the petroleums industry of the Russian Federation, fires and explosions in the warehouses of petroleum and petroleum products. The definition, the list of objects of warehouses of petroleum and petroleums products is given. The high fire and explosion hazard is substantiated and the system of ensuring fire safety with its main functional subsystems of these objects is given. The list of normative legal acts regulating the construction and functioning of the system of ensuring fire safety is given. The results of the practical analysis of petroleum and petroleum products storage facilities located in the Krasnoyarsk territory in the form of problems of functioning of the system of ensuring fire safety are presented.
ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK, SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF INTUMESCENT FLAME RETARDANT COMPOSITIONS TO IMPROVE THE FIRE SAFETY OF OBJECTS OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Golovina E.V., Bezzaponnaya O.V., Mansurov T.H., Akulov A.U., Tokarev D. S.
Keywords: flame retardant intumescent composition, objects of oil and gas industry, hydrocarbon temperature regime, flame retardants of different chemical nature.
The article analyzes the normative documents, foreign and domestic scientific literature, as well as patent analysis, on the basis of which the main ideas that currently exist about fire-retardant thermal expanding compositions, including their composition, mechanism of action and functional features of the components of intumescent fire-retardant coatings were summarized.
FIRE-FIGHTING DESIGN OF SILENCERS
Plitsyna O. V., Rogova T. N.
Keywords: reactive silencer, spark arrestor, bent partitions, expansion chamber, smooth noise reduction, wide frequency range.
The fire-fighting properties of the silencers design without sound-absorbing material are noted. It is shown that abilities of fire-fighting design silencer to noise reduction smoothly over normalized frequency range for multimode duct is not enough fully investigated. The silencer formed by separating the duct by bent partitions into reflecting elements series that are single-mode in one cross section direction is suggested. Conditions for ensuring by fire-fighting design silencer of smooth noise reduction over normalized frequency range at acceptable pressure losses are determined as the result of calculations and experiments with two-phase flows. Performances of single and double silencer are presented for engineering networks with different acoustic and aerodynamic requirements.
THE METHOD OF CALCULATION OF HEATING OF THE SPRINKLERS AT THE INITIAL STAGE OF FIRE DEVELOPMENT
Abrakov D. D., Borodin A. A., Bulatova V. V., Kornilov A. A., Lugovkin V. V., Schnaider A. V.
Keywords: sensors of thermal principle of action, inertia, time constant, heat transfer equation, sprinkler sprinkler, response time.
The article is devoted to the development of a methodology of calculation of the response time of thermal sensors of automatic fire extinguishing systems, taking into account their inertia for various parameters of the dynamics of fire development. A mathematical model describing the changes in the ambient temperature at the initial stage of the fire is proposed. The solution of the differential equation of heat transfer from the environment to the flask of sprinkler sprinkler is given. To assess the inertia of the sprinkler sprinkler, the calculated and experimental determination of its time constant was performed. The adequacy of the proposed model is verified by calculating the response time of the sprinkler sprinkler under the heating conditions provided by the STATE for testing.
RESEARCH OF STATIC ELECTRIZATION AT THE FLEGMATIZATION OF FUEL TANKS OF FILLING STATIONS SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE
Zykov P.I., Shteba T.V., Sybachev S.V., Akulov A.Yu.
Keywords: fire and explosion safety, static electrification, phlegmatization, horizontal tank with oil products, solid carbon dioxide.
In the framework of the development of recommendations on technology ensure explosion and fire safety fire and emergency-repair works on horizontal tanks with oil products in the way of phlegmatization solid pelletized carbon dioxide (dry ice), the obtained results of experimental of a static electrification during sublimation of the dry ice pellets in the tank with the liquid residue of oil. On the basis of the results made a number of practical conclusions.
FIRE EXTINGUISHING MODELING UNDER CONDITIONS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING WATER SUSPENSIONS WITH CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES USING
Toropov D.P., Ivanov A.V., Skrypnyk I.L.
Keywords: multilayer carbon nanotubes, modification, FDS models, regression an alysis, application tactics.
We determined conditions of usage and developed technical recommendations for using modified water suspensions with carbon nanostructures as fire extinguishing agents for fire extinguishing systems on the base of results of fire hazards modeling during the liquid hydrocarbons combustion by PyroSim software. We researched effect of the reagent modification in the indicators of fire extinguishing efficiency by the method of regression analysis. Reagent modification allows determining the optimal conditions for the modification of water suspensions with carbon nanostructures.
REDUCTION OF THE INTENSITY OF NOISE DURING STEAM EMISSIONS AT ENERGY ENTERPRISES
Lipantiev R. E., Mullagaleeva E. N.
Keywords: industrial safety, acoustic oscillations, aerodynamic noise, sound pressure, steam emissions, muffler.
The work is devoted to the study of the reduction of the sound pressure level during steam emissions at power facilities. The relevance of the research topic is justified by the technological growth of the energy industry, as a result of which there is a violation of sanitary and hygienic standards in the field of occupational safety and health. In this case, the most common cause of injury in enterprises is the deviation of noise and vibration parameters from acceptable values. The conducted acoustic survey of the enterprise showed that at the border of the sanitary protection zone of the object the permissible sound level exceeds the standard value. In order to reduce the noise impact on the surrounding area and fulfill the prescribed sanitary standards for sound pressure levels when steam is emitted from the boilers of an energy facility, effective sound suppression measures have been proposed, based on the use of active and passive sound attenuators. The design of a hybrid type noise suppressor has been developed and the mechanism of its operation has been described.
2019 № 2 (23)
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT KOBBA-DUGLAS MODELS ADEQUACY IN TEMPORARY ROWS FIREMAN STASTISTICS FORECASTING
Kaibichev I. A., Kaibicheva E. I.
Keywords: the mathematical model, temporary rows, fireman statistics, fire number, Russian Federation.
The considered question about adequacy of modeling of the temporary rows fireman statistics to Russia by means of production function Kobba-Douglas. As a result, the study proved that the probability of 0.99 Cobb-Douglas model of the number of fires in the Russian Federation is erroneous. It was found that the number of fires and GDP in the period 2001-2016 depended almost linearly on the number of years. The linear model of connection of number of fires in the Russian Federation with number of year is offered. Hypotheses about the significance level of the regression coefficient in the linear model are tested. With a probability of 0.99 it was found that the regression coefficient is different from zero. The confidence interval for the regression coefficient was determined with a probability of 0.99. The possibility of describing the dependence of the number of fires in the Russian Federation on the year number by a nonlinear model in the form of a power function is considered. Comparison of the nonlinear model with the linear one showed that the nonlinear model did not lead to improvement of the forecast quality.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BAG VALVE DELAY WHEN COMBAT DEPLOYMENT
Semenov A. D., Kharlamov R. I., Bochkarev A. N., Moiseev Yu. N.
Keywords: efficiency of use, performance indicator, overlapping sleeve delay.
The paper describes a device that combines the functions of sleeve delay, sleeve knee for lifting hose lines and fire-technical equipment to the upper floors. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed device when lifting the hose line with the help of a rescue rope to different floors of the building. It is proposed to use the criterion of convenience as an indicator of efficiency, which characterizes the gain in the time of the combat deployment of the fire unit to extinguish the fire.
WAYS AND METHODS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING IN OIL PRODUCER RESERVOIRS
Perevalov A. S., Pastukhov K. V., Mironchev A.V.
Keywords: oil products storage tank, vertical steel tank, method of extinguishing, a fire.
This paper analyzes the ways and means of extinguishing fires in storage tanks of pe-troleum products. The methods of supplying fire extinguishing substances to the sur-face and to the layer of burning liquid, methods of creating an insulating layer above the burning surface are considered. The main advantages and disadvantages of the identified methods of extinguishing are noted, the main directions of improving the fire safety of the RVS are highlighted.
THE EFFECT OF A SYNERGISTIC MECHANISM BETWEEN SURFACE-DROPLET BREAKDOWN THE RISK OF ELECTRICAL INJURIES
Sachkov I.N., Chistykov M.A., Kuanishev V. T., Schneider A.V.
Keywords: electric breakdown, electric shock injuries, a synergy, a hub of voltages, fault tree, failure.
The electric breakdown of the moistened surface is considered. The effects of the concentration of the electric field by water droplets located on the surface of the insulator are investigated using computer simulation by the finite element method. The possibility of a self-organizing conducting cluster of particles initiating a breakdown has been found.
STUDYING THE EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC VIBRATIONS ON A CHEMICAL SOLVENT TO REMOVE ASPHALT-RESIN-PARAFFIN DEPOSITS
Muftakhova E.D., Vasilyeva T.V., Khafizov I.F., Khafizov F.Sh., Sultanov R.M.
Keywords: asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits, ultrasonic vibrations, chemical solvent, dispersing ability, washing ability, dissolving ability.
One of the important problems during transportation, storage and processing of oil is the formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) on the walls of the manufacturing equipment. ARPD is a complex hydrocarbon mixture, which often interferes with the operation of oil technological systems and installations. The sediments formed on the walls of the equipment make it difficult to pump oil, which can later lead to emergency conditions and fire. A widespread method of removing paraffin is a chemical method, based on dissolving paraffin from various solvents. The technology of this method is simple to implement and its result has a long-lasting effect. Currently, there is a lot of information about the effects of ultrasonic waves on the course of chemical reactions and on the solubility of substances. In this regard, the article describes laboratory tests in which the effect of ultrasound on the washing, dissolving and dispersing abilities of chemical paraffin solvents was studied. The results of the tests performed and a comparative analysis of the performance indicators of the tested solvents with exposure to ultrasonic vibrations are presented.
IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR MANAGING NANOSTRUCTURES TO REDUCE FIRE RISK IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Ivanov A.V., Miftakhutdinova A.A., Scripnik I.L., Shugaibov R.A.
Keywords: oil product, smart materials, fire risk value, modification, stabilization, variable frequency-modulated signal.
The results of the implementation of technology for reducing the risk of fire at the production facilities of the oil and gas complex using the technology of controlling the properties of nanostructures in liquid hydrocarbons are presented. As part of the development of technologies for the production of materials with desired properties, the concept of “smart materials” has been proposed for reducing fire risk at oil and gas facilities.
DETERMINATION OF THE DEGREE OF ACHIEVEMENT OF TARGETS INDICATORS OF PERFORMANCE OF THE FEDERAL STATE FIRE SUPERVISION ON THE TERRITORY OF THE URAL FEDERAL DISTRICT
Krektunov A. A., Shavaleev M.R., Tuzhikov Е.N., Cherepanov E.A., Barakovskih M.V., Olkhovikova S. V.
Keywords: basic model, reform of supervisory activities, federal state fire supervision, key performance indicators and efficiency indicators, target values of performance indicators, Ural Federal District.
In the presented article, a characteristic of the basic model is given, which determines the performance indicators and the effectiveness of the implementation of control and supervisory activities, provides a methodology for assessing the effectiveness and effi-ciency of the Federal State Fire Supervision. The characteristics of key performance indicators and effectiveness of the Federal State Fire Supervision are given. The calcu-lation of key performance indicators of the federal state fire supervision on the territo-ry of the Russian Federation constituent entities of the Urals Federal District is carried out. Based on the calculations made, the level of achievement of the main indicators of the effectiveness of the FGPN in the specified region was established.
APPLICATION OF FIRE-PROTECTIVE INTUMESCENT COMPOSITIONS FOR INCREASING THE FIRE SAFETY OF CABLE PRODUCTS WITH A SINGLE AND GROUP GASKET
Mansurov T. H., Bezzaponnaya O. V., Golovina E. V., Safronova I. G.
Keywords: fire retardant cable coatings, cable products, foam, thermal resistance, fire retardant efficiency.
The article discusses the fire hazard of cable products, issues arising from fire tests for fire resistance, the effectiveness of the use of fire-retardant cable coatings and the obtained results, and also the method of reducing the fire hazard of cable lines, which consists of using flame retardants on the cable surface. The state of these issues in foreign scientific and technical literature are considered.
ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF PREDICTING THE OCCURRENCE OF AN EMERGENCY WITH USE THE METHOD OF "RATIONING – LINEAR TRANSFORMATION”
Gubina T. A., Zubrovskiy G. B., Mosolov A. A., Mosolov A.S., Prus U. V.
Keywords: priority scenario of an emergency, technological safety, safety of fuel and energy facilities, act of terrorism, threat of technical impact, internal intruder.
The article considers the possibility of using mathematical methods for determine the combinations of failures of elements of technological blocks of industrial-technological processes at hazardous production facilities. In particular, the use of the method "rationing – linear transformation" allows to regularize the predictive estimates of consequences of implementation of the main events after the application of the method "Analysis of the event tree". The approach described in article can be useful regarding development of compensatory measures for the system of technological safety of hazardous production facilities, in particular, of objects of fuel and energy facilities.
ABOUT THE PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ROBOTICS IN EMERCOM OF RUSSIA
Tuzhikov E. N., Perevalov A. S. Rassohin M. A. Cygankov A. P.
Keywords: robotics, fire safety, concept, development.
Issues of the state and prospects for the development of robotic complexes and their application in the aftermath of emergency situations of natural and man-made nature in the system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are considered. The actual areas and directions of application of robotics in the conditions of modern development of society and science and technology are marked.
MODERN CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION OF FIREPROOF WOOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF QUICKLY CREATED OBJECTS OF CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL VALUE
Sivenkov A. B., Khasanova G. Sh.
Keywords: fire protection, wood, fire danger, wooden building constructions, smoke, smoke-forming ability.
The article describes the process of smoke formation of fire-protected wood in modes of smoldering and fiery burning. The results of experiments on the study of wood for smoke-generating ability are given. Since the work is intended to investigate the reduction of fire danger of wood, as a structural material used for the construction of pre-fabricated objects of cultural and historical importance using mineral flame retardants, the composition and properties of the investigated flame retardants will be of great importance. To reduce the fire danger of wood, it is proposed to use a new generation of water-soluble oligomeric flame retardants containing mineral fillers containing alkali metal hydroxide. The conclusion is made about the effect of a fire retardant coating based on an alkaline catalyst and a polyfunctional compound on the reduction of the smoke-forming ability of fire-protected wood. The resulting effect of fire protection is manifested in a more intense charring of the surface layer of fire-protected wood, thereby revealing a decrease in the concentrations of gaseous products of wood pyrolysis. The characteristic of the process of charring wood. It has been established that the treatment of wood with a composition with an alkaline catalyst and a polyfunctional compound leads to a change in some fire-technical characteristics, namely, the smoke-forming ability, i.e. allows you to reduce the process of charring and increase the fire resistance of wooden building structures of pre-fabricated objects of cultural and historical significance.
STUDY OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CAMOFLUAGE POWDER BASED ON NICKEL USED TO HARDEN THE SURFACES OF FIRE-TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT
Krivorogova A. S., Bezzaponnaya O. V.
Keywords: impeller of the impeller pump, supersonic plasma spraying, simultaneous thermal analysis, tamifluswine powder based on Nickel, melting temperature.
To restore the damaged and hardening of new parts made of aluminum alloys, the authors of the article propose to use the method of supersonic plasma spraying of self-fluxing nickel-based powder on the surface of equipment parts subjected to intensive wear during operation. Worn blades can lead to a deterioration in pressure when applying extinguishing agents. The method of supersonic plasma spraying is proposed to restore worn out or strengthen new products made of aluminum alloys. The method of simultaneous thermal analysis (Nietzsch STA 449 F5 Jupiter®) was used to study the physicochemical processes occurring during the deposition of the powder composition. Considered the behavior of the powder when heated to 1400 ° C in air and in argon. According to the data obtained, the melting points and nickel silicides formed during melting, which give strength to the coatings, are determined.
MODELING OF THE PROTECTION OF PEOPLE AND EQUIPMENT FROM HEAT FLOW OF THE FIRE IN THE TERRITORY OF THE INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
Kar'kin I. N., Kontar N. A., Subachev S. V., Subacheva A. А.
Keywords: modeling of fires, heat flow, calculation of fire risk, fire hazard of industrial facilities.
The paper presents an algorithm for calculating the heat flux incident on the irradiated object in the process of a fire at an industrial facility if there is a fire wall or a building between the fire and the irradiated object. The algorithm is implemented in the computer program "PromRisk", designed to calculate fire risks at industrial facilities.
2019 № 1 (22)
ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF USE OF PNEUMATICHYDRAULIC PUMPS IN SETS OF THE RESCUE TOOL
D'yakonov O.B., Krudyshev V.V., Filippov A.V.
Keywords: pneumatichydraulic pump, rescue tool, tool drive, scheme of connection, results of an experiment.
In work the description of use of the pneumatichydraulic pump as the drive for the hydraulic rescue tool is submitted. The schematic diagram of connection and results of an experiment on expenses of time for reduction of different tools into position, on perekusyvany fittings by different tools with the drive from different pumps is provided and according to productivity. The analysis of the received values allows to draw a conclusion on efficiency of the described technical solution.
TRACTION-SPEED CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF THE FIRE TRACKS OF THE NEW KAMAZ CHASSIS MODELS
Shade Ye. F., Krudyshev V.V., Zubarev I. A.
Keywords: fire trucks, KAMAZ trucks, external performance, traction and speed characteristics, dynamic factor.
It is represented the method of traction-speed characteristics calculation of the fire engine, affecting the movement efficiency. The calculated values of external speed characteristics of engines, traction-speed characteristics of the chassis, the dynamic characteristics and the acceleration of the car are brought in the article. Analysis of these values and their comparison will allow to draw a conclusion about the most appropriate model of fire engine and basic chassis for the given driving conditions.
THE PROSPECTS OF ROBOTIC COMPLEXES USE FOR AUTOMOBILE GAS-FILLING STATIONS FIRE EXTINGUISHING
Sotnikov D.I., Kalach E.V.
Keywords: robotic complexes, fire, accident, gas-filling stations, fire extinguishing.
By results of the analysis of statistical data on the fires and accidents happening on automobile gas-filling stations features of their suppression revealed. For ensuring fire extinguishing in the conditions of the arising threats the assumption of applicability of the mobile robotic fire extinguishing system is made. The assessment and justification of tactical technical characteristics and feature of application in fire extinguishing of the existing systems of robotics carried out. Technical requirements based on which the prototype of the mobile robotic installation of fire extinguishing intended for automobile gas-filling stations can designed formulated.
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF DEATH OF PEOPLE IN FEDERAL DISTRICTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Kaibichev I.A., Kaibicheva E.I.
Keywords: analysis of variance, number of fires, Federal districts of the Russian Federation.
Performed variance analysis of fatalities in fires in the Federal districts of Russia according 2001-2016 years. With a probability of 95 % it is proved that the average number of deaths in fires in the Federal districts are different, the difference is due to geographical location. The average number of deaths from fires also varies from year to year, due to the time factor. The established facts can be useful in mathematical modeling of the situation with the death of people in fires in the Federal districts of Russia.
DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICE WITH MAGNETIC LIQUID TO IMPROVE SAFETY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Sizov A.P., Toporov A.V., Palin D.Y., Yakovenko T.A.
Keywords: gas purification, air purification, solid particles, chemical production.
The article discusses various devices for the removal of solid particles from flue gases, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the analysis, a new design is proposed for air and gas purification from dispersed particles and other impurities. The developed device will improve the cleaning of polluted gases, as well as reduce pollution emissions into the atmosphere and thereby increase the safety of chemical plants.
FEATURES OF FIRES ON MOTOR TRANSPORT
A.S. Perevalov, V.V. Styazhkin, Y.K. Elesina, I.G. Sheveleva, V.V.Khrulev
Keywords: fire, car, exploitation, electrical equipment.
The paper analyzes the statistical data on the fires of vehicles that occurred in 2018 in the Sverdlovsk region. The main causes of fires in motor vehicles are noted. The proposed effective ways of fire fighting vehicles to reduce the effects of fire.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS CLASSIFICATION BY VIOLATIONS OF FIRE REGULATIONS
Leontyeva M.A., Khramtsova L.A., Nasyrova E.S., Aksenov S.G.
Keywords: educational object, violation, safety, classification.
In the work authors analyzed and grouped violations of fire regulations that occur in educational institutions. By method of constructing classification scales identified four classes of objects by the number of violations. In work is proposed a classification of violations by the time of a possible correction (A, B, C, D). Determining the class of the object by the number of violations and categorizing the identified violations, you can determine the level of object safety by the developed matrix. Educational institutions are divided into four levels of safety: normal, reduced, unsatisfactory, and dangerous. It should be noted that this matrix is applicable not only for educational institutions, but also to any other objects that have corresponding violations of fire safety regulations.
IDENTIFICATION CONTROL OF FIRE-PROTECTIVE COMPOSITIONS OF THE INTUMESCENT TYPE BY THE METHODS OF THERMAL ANALYSIS
Bezzaponnaya O.V., Golovina E.V., Akulov A.U.
Keywords: identification, quality of fire protection, flame retardants, counterfeit products, counterfeit, thermal analysis.
The article describes the problems of the identification tests of flame retardants of intumescent type using thermal analysis methods, as well as the quality problems of fire protection in general. The reasons for the frequent cases of non-identity flame retardant coatings to the identifier are analyzed. The identity of the analyzed flame retardant coatings to the identifier may be due to: replacing the components of the flame retardants with domestic counterparts, oxidative destruction processes (aging) of the flame retardants, the use of poor quality raw materials by manufacturers of fire protection, violation of the technology of applying flame retardants, especially temperature and humidity conditions, as well as level test qualifications.
Thermoanalytical characteristics characteristic of intumescent type flame retardants of various chemical nature are described.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE RELEVANT DIRECTIONS OF TRAINING OF THE POPULATION FOR ACTIONS AT THE FIRE BY MEANS OF STATISTICAL METHODS
Sinyakova M.G., Koshkarov V.S., Kurmanova I.Y., Kalimullina K.I.
Keywords: the fire as emergency situation, the statistical analysis of the fires and their reasons on territorial subjects of the Russian Federation, the statistical and regression analysis of the fires on the Russian Federation, training of the population in actions at the fires.
In this article, the authors consider the causes of fires in large regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the general problems of preparing the population for action in fires. The statistics of the number of fires in the regions of the Russian Federation for 2013-2017 is given. A regression analysis of the number of fires in the Russian Federation from 2001 to 2015 is presented. The distribution of fires for their causes. Special attention is paid to the problem of imperfection of training and informing the population in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergencies and fires, especially such groups of the population as students of educational institutions and unemployed citizens. Developed guidelines for informing and preparing these categories of the population.
INTERRELATION OF FIRE RISK WITH CONSEQUENCES WEIGHT OF FIRE-DANGEROUS SITUATION REALIZATION ON OBJECTS OF THE OIL AND GAS COMPLEX WITH PARTICIPATION OF THE COMBUSTIBLE ENVIRONMENT
Cherepakhin A.M., Kalach A.V., Kalach E.V.
Keywords: fire hazard, criterion function, oil and gas complex, combustible environment, fire.
Because of methods of the quantitative description of technogenic dangers need of transition from the concept of absolute technogenic safety to the concept of admissible limits of danger is formulated. By results of the analysis and synthesis of the standard and legislative documentation existing in the territory of the Russian Federation the choice of criterion function of management of dangers to statement and the solution of a problem of optimization in the concept of admissible dangers at flexible rationing is evidence-based. The adequacy of the description of criterion function of partial fire hazard from object parameters is shown by sigmoidal functions.
THE FEATURES OF THE PROCESS OF EVACUATION OF PEOPLE FROM THE PRODUCTION ROOM IN CASE OF FIRE
Russkikh D.V., Vitovtov A.V., Shevtsov S.A.
Keywords: fire in the room, evacuation route, object of protection, fire safety system, smoke ventilation, actual evacuation time, required evacuation time, individual fire risk.
In the article the results of study of dependence of time of blocking the escape routes on the performance of smoke ventilation and the location of smoke removal valves, obtained on the basis of simulation in different factor space of the initial data of the process of spread of fire hazards in the room of the functional fire hazard class F 5.1, which houses a closed technological line for the production of laminated floor coverings, and at the same time can be at different levels up to 40 people, are presents. Simulation of the dynamics of fire hazards was carried out for two different systems of fire safety of the object of protection, one of which is provided by the project and special technical conditions, and the second developed by the authors. In both cases, the most adverse fire scenarios were taken into account.
On the basis of the regression analysis of the results of fire simulation, the corresponding mathematical dependences of the time of blocking the escape routes for seven fire hazards on the performance of the smoke ventilation systems studied in the work are constructed. The effectiveness of the work performed is confirmed by modeling the process of evacuation of people from the production room and calculating the values of the individual fire risk for all considered scenarios of fire development.
CHANGE OF OXYGEN CONTENT IN FUEL TANKS OF GAS STATIONS AFTER FLEGMATIZATION BY SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE
Zykov P.I., Kornilov A.A., Borodin A.A., Satyukov R.S., Khalimov E.V.
Keywords: fire safety, fire works, gas station tanks, phlegmatization, solid carbon dioxide, oxygen concentration.
In order to improve the method of ensuring fire safety of fire and emergency repair work on fuel tanks of gas stations by phlegmatization with solid carbon dioxide, the process of changing the oxygen content in inert volume of a horizontal tank has been investigated.
STUDY OF MODIFIED POLYMERIC COMPOSITIONS TO IMPROVE THEIR PROPERTIES
Ivanov A.V., Skrypnyk I.L., Dementiev F.A., Lovchikov V.A.
Keywords: glue, solvent, carbon nanotube, variable frequency-modulated signal, acetone, ethanol, ultrasound, modification, thermogravimetric curve.
The article studies the properties of solvents to obtain the best characteristics of epoxy adhesives by depositing carbon nanotubes in them and exposure to variable frequency-modulated signal. The analysis of thermogravimetric curves of epoxy resin with two types of modified hardeners was performed.
CALCULATION OF POTENTIAL FIRE RISK FROM PIPELINES WITH FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND FLAMMABLE GASES
Kar'kin I.N., Kontar N.A., Subachev S.V., Subacheva A.A.
Keywords: modeling of fires, calculation of fire risk, fire hazard of industrial facilities.
The paper presents an algorithm for calculating the potential fire risk near pipelines with flammable liquids and gases, taking into account the equally probable occurrence of depressurization along the entire length of the pipeline. This method is necessary when analyzing the fire hazard of such pipelines with a considerable length. The algorithm is implemented in the computer program PromRisk, designed to calculate fire risks at industrial facilities.
THE STUDY OF GASOLINE COMBUSTION IN THE VERTICAL CHANNELS WITH DIFFERENT DIAMETERS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Khafizov F.Sh., Karimov R.R., Khafizov I.F., Sultanov R.M.
Keywords: flash, vertical channel, ethyl alcohol.
Given the high risk of fires in the oil refining industry, it is necessary to have effective fire-fighting equipment to eliminate them. In this regard, the development and improvement of existing methods of fire control of petroleum products is seen as the main task in ensuring fire safety of oil and gas industry.
The prospect in solving this problem is to study the physical and chemical properties of combustion of flammable liquids, as well as the search for cost-effective, passive methods of extinguishing, based on the effect of flame damping.
RESEARCH OF MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE DEPOSITS OF A SOOT WHICH ARE FORMED WHEN BURNING COMMODITY OIL PRODUCTS FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF PROCESSES OF EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRES
Galishev M.A., Medvedev A.Yu., Bel'shina Yu.N.
Keywords: the fire, soot on the fire, optical microscopy, oil products, fire investigation.
In work processes of formation of deposits of soot in the conditions of the fire are considered. Optical microscopic research of the tests of soot received in different temperature conditions and at different fire loading is conducted and also consistent patterns in structure of the samples received under different conditions of burning are determined. Installation and technique of carrying out experiments is described. Dependences of morphological characteristics of particles of soot on combustion conditions, first of all, from temperature condition of pyrolysis and inflow of oxidizer are studied. It is established that the morphological analysis of deposits of soot can be used at establishment of the fact of application as initiators of arsons of light oil products. When studying various oil products it is established that the greatest number of soot is besieged when burning automobile gasolines, least – when burning lighting kerosene. In case of aviation kerosene the weak zakopcheniye of surfaces was observed. At probe of clean samples of materials of fire loading it is established that pure cotton and automobile foam rubber do not smoke, however the same substances soaked with gasoline at combustion smoke stronger, than initial sample of gasoline. The received results promote expansion of reconstruction opportunities when conducting examinations of fire and technical cross-section.
THE PROBLEM OF INCORRECT CONDUCT TO POPULATION OF INFORMATION ON THE VALUES OF THE RADIATION BACKGROUND IN THE NEARBY OF THE OBJECTS OF THE ATOMIC INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA LOCATED ON THE TERRITORY OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. WAYS OF ITS SOLUTIONS
Shishkin P., Muraev N., Vishnyakov A., Batyushev V.
Keywords: nuclear industry of Russia, Sievert, radiation environment, Roentgen, internet resource, information of population.
The main tasks in the field of radiation safety of the population are monitoring the radiation situation in the territory of the Russian Federation, taking into account the population exposure doses, as well as informing it about the radiation situation. These components should be implemented in strict accordance with the regulatory legal framework, be continuous and have an objective character. In this article, the authors raise the problem of incorrect work in this area, which takes place in the Sverdlovsk region, offers suggestions for solving the issue under discussion.
MODELING OF THE PLASMA INCINERATION TECHNOLOGY OF WASTE UTILIZATION AND NEUTRALIZATION
Anakhov S.V., Pyckin Yu.А., Matushkin A.V.
Keywords: ecological safety, waste recycling, waste treatment, decontamination, incineration, plasmatron.
The processes of the plasma incineration in technology of waste utilization and waste disposal are investigated. The main advantages of technologies based on high-temperature plasma impact on materials, as well as the main directions of their application in waste management strategies are noted. Due to the high temperatures of the plasma jet (up to 20 thousand K), the speed of the process, the small influence of atmospheric oxygen, the necessary conditions for the neutralization of almost any toxic, and under certain conditions, radioactive gases arise. A generalized classification of plasma torches according to the functional and design features specific to application in environmental technologies is presented. It is noted that the evaluation of the efficiency of toxic gases neutralization with the use of this type plasmatrons is a multiparameter problem, since in addition to the design should take into account the gas-dynamic and thermal power parameters of the technology.
The gas-dynamic parameters of the air-plasma flow in the plasma torch mixing chamber for ecology technologies are determined by methods of mathematical modeling. The characteristic temperatures, velocities and heating times of the utilized gas in different areas of the mixing chamber are determined. The directions of further research and development necessary to create a technology of plasma incineration with maximum efficiency of disinfection are outlined. The issues of plasma incineration introduction at certain stages of technologies of high-temperature waste utilization and disposal are also considered.
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTER THAT ARISING OUT IN THE DOMESTIC GAS EXPLOSIONS IN MULTI-APARTMENT HOUSES: CAUSES OF APPEARANCE, STATISTICS, PREVENTION MEASURES AND PERSPECTIVES
Vishnyakov A., Muraev N., Shishkin P.
Keywords: public safety, household gas, explosion, domestic gas equipment, apartment buildings, odorant, emergency situation.
In this article, the team of authors addressed such a problem as the occurrence of emergency situations of a technogenic nature caused by the explosions of natural gas in apartment buildings used by the population for domestic purposes. Currently, Russia has gasified more than 60 percent of the total housing stock. Naturally, clearly aware of the potential danger in this area, the specialists of gas services and other fields have developed certain rules for the safe operation of the equipment in question and a system of control measures determining its technical condition. At the same time, despite the constant efforts made to ensure safety in the operation of gas equipment in residential buildings, the statistics of incidents related to this man-made hazard indicate the relevance of various measures to reduce the likelihood of household gas explosions. The purpose of writing this article was to develop certain proposals in the technical policy of specialized structures to exclude or reduce the risks of domestic gas explosions in residential buildings. The authors systematized the causes of emergencies of a discussed nature and proposed measures of a different nature that would effectively influence the reduction of the risks of occurrence of the disaster in question.
2018 № 4 (21)
TO THE QUESTION OF FIRE SAFETY IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Korolev D.S., Kalach A.V.
Keywords: fire safety, maximum permissible emission, oil and gas industry, economy, forecasting method
It is noted that the main source (70%) of the state's revenues is the export of natural resources, in particular gas and oil products, and economic growth is achieved due to a high cent on hydrocarbons. Therefore, as part of the implementation of the "May decrees" of the Russian president, it is necessary to continue the development of the manufacturing industry in the country. Despite this, the oil and gas industry is a source of negative impact on the environment, contributes to the emergence of threats to life and health of citizens.
To regulate the quality of the whole environment, the MPE parameter (maximum permissible emission) is used. This indicator characterizes the volume of substances emitted into the atmosphere by separate sources of pollution. Obtaining the required value of MPE, it is possible to propose a set of measures to reduce surface concentrations of harmful substances to reduce their impact on the population.
However, to ensure the protection of the population, material values, the calculation of MPE is not considered sufficient. The solution of the problem must be approached in a comprehensive manner, namely, it is necessary to exclude the conditions conducive to the occurrence and development of a fire.
Thus, all the way to solve problems, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to provide fire safety at oil and gas facilities. This can be achieved by developing and using a forecasting method that will provide, in a short time, information on the physicochemical properties, the substances used to develop fire protection systems.
CREATION OF EXTINGUISHING POSITIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FIREFIGHTING IN LOW RESISTANCE BUILDINGS IN FIRE
Denisov A.N., Stepanov O. I.
Keywords: position, residential building, sub-formation, firefighting, reconnaissance.
This research was conducted to determine the order of operations in extinguishing fires in low resistance buildings. The aim of the research is to study the actions of sub-formations of the gas rescue service in fireground reconnaissance, searching for injured and examining evacuation routes. Based on the research experimental data it was established the time dependence of the reconnaissance by the units of the gas rescue service in the V grade residential buildings against the number of created positions that implement the basic task for fire extinguishing. The data of the earlier conducted experimental research in the corresponding weather conditions were updated in the same composition of the examinees. Conclusions are given regarding the structure-forming elements of fire and rescue units control systems for fire extinguishing in buildings with low fire resistance which are the basis for the developed information and analytical support systems for management. It was confirmed the need to create at least one extinguishing position by one operational unit for realizing the tactical potential of fire- rescue units. The ways of improving the actions of the staff of fire-rescue units as part of the gas rescue sub-formations are specified.
The data obtained during the research prove the correctness of the concept of creating the maximum number of positions for extinguishing fire in the initial period of firefighting.
THE MANUFACTURE AND USE OF COMPLEX UNMANNED SYSTEMS FOR THE PREVENTION AND MONITORING OF EMERGENCIES, CONDUCTING RESCUE
Yurchenko R.A., Toporov A.V., Kropotova N.A., Ivanov V.E., Yakovenko T.A.
Keywords: complex of unmanned systems, unmanned aerial vehicle, unmanned ground vehicle, telemetry.
The issue of design, manufacture, application and maintenance of unmanned systems in the interests of EMERCOM of Russia for the prevention and monitoring of emergency situations, rescue operations. This article focuses on the availability of design and manufacture of unmanned complex on the basis of higher educational institutions of EMERCOM of Russia. The exceptional importance of the development of unmanned systems is determined by several factors: the vast territory of the Russian Federation; relatively low average population density [1]; the presence in the subjects of the Russian Federation of the possibility of occurrence of risks of accident of natural or man-made nature; scientific and technical developments in the field of radio electronics, their availability; involvement in the development of the faculty and future professionals, which will have a positive impact on the motivational qualities and fresh independent view on the analysis and solution of modern problems in the Russian Federation; design and manufacture of highly specialized systems that have no analogues in Russia and abroad, the financial component that allows the final product to be a leader in the line of "price – quality – efficiency". The article describes the basic modular scheme of the aircraft and ground transport unmanned vehicles, production and application in the framework of use in the Ministry of emergency situations of Russia.
IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS OF FIGHTING FIRES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE POOR FIRE WATER
Barakovskikh S.A., Karama E.A.
Keywords: fire extinguishing, anhydrous area, water supply, water pumping.
The article describes the problem of choosing the method of water supply to extinguish the fire in the areas and a criteria for anhydrous phase is represented. The results of the study in the organization of water supply and pumping in waterless areas are presented.
FORECAST OF THE AVERAGE TIME OF FIREFIGHTING IN URBAN AREAS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR 2018 USING THE METHOD OF EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING
Kaibichev I. A., Kaibicheva E. I.
Keywords: mathematical forecasting, average time of fire extinguishing, exponential smoothing method.
With the help of exponential smoothing, the forecast of the average time of fire extinguishing in the urban area of the Russian Federation for 2018 was made. The result can be used to justify the distribution of material resources, the development of fire protection programs in Russian Federation.
MODELING OF THE LIQUID HYDROCARBON ELECTRICALIZATION PROCESSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF STABILIZATION OF CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES
Miftakhutdinova A.A., Ivanov A.V., Ivakhnyuk G.K.
Keywords: hydrocarbon liquid, nanostructure, nanofluid, electrification, variable frequency-modulated potential, neural network.
The results of studies of the processes of electrification of liquid hydrocarbons during the stabilization of nanostructures (MWCNT) by means of electrophysical action with the parameters of variable frequency-modulated potential (VFMP) are presented. to evaluate the influencing factors on the electrification of stabilized nanofluids, the neural network simulation method (NNS) was used.
THE EFFECT OF THE HEIGHT OF THE WALL OF THE SMOKE EXHAUST HOLE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE PHENOMENON OF "BLOWING" IN A FIRE IN THE ROOM
Iltibaeva V.G., Belyakov V.A., Noskov A.S.
Keyword: smoke-gas mixture, fire, smoke removal system, feed of air, combustion product.
In the scientific article, the authors investigated the critical conditions of transition of the design mode of the smoke removal system in the non-calculation mode "boost" to create a design engineering method that allows to determine the parameters of the system. Also, the components of the phenomenon of passing through the smoke-removing hole of clean air, due to the action of lifting forces, from under the near-flood smoke layer are considered. An example of a room with a model combustible load under different conditions is considered: the height of the wall of the smoke-removing hole is zero and the neglect of the speed component of the smoke-gas mixture parallel to the roof.
FIREPROOF BARRIERS FOR DEFORMATION AND LINEAR JOINTS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Prusakov V.A., Timofeev, N.S., Gravit M.V., Simonenko Ya.B.
Keywords: building and construction, tensions, fire safety, contraction joints, expansion joint, fire protection, ехpansion joints, fire extinguishers, fire hazards, fireproofing, sealants, concrete elements, fire safety measures.
Buildings and structures of complex architectural forms and long distances are subject to deformations under the influence of fluctuations in the temperature of the outside air, uneven sedimentation of the ground base, seismic phenomena and for other reasons. Proper design, construction and execution of expansion joints are of great importance in the construction, as they provide the opportunity to provide long service life and fire resistance of the main load-bearing and enclosing structures of buildings, interior and exterior finishes.
To increase the fire resistance of the structure, special types of fire-resistant sealing (fire-retardant materials and products) are used, which are installed inside the expansion joints. The article gives an overview of special materials and products (the so-called fire barriers) for both foreign and domestic manufacturers, which are designed specifically for expansion joints and operate with gantry when compressing, stretching and shearing the seam. The review of Russian and European normative documents containing the requirements for expansion joints has been completed. The article describes the technical parameters of the fire barriers necessary to ensure the required fire resistance of the structure when performing fireproof work to protect the expansion joint in fire conditions.
The production of innovative fire-retardant materials is one of the main tasks of anti-fire safety. This is the way to consistently turn an idea into a commodity, which includes the stages of research, design development, production and implementation in civil and industrial design. It is necessary to choose a comprehensive solution that ensures maximum satisfaction of the needs in the performance of fire protection work to protect the deformation seam when exposed to fire.
IDENTIFICATION CONTROL OF FIRE-PROTECTIVE COMPOSITIONS OF THE INTUMESCENT TYPE BY THE METHODS OF THERMAL ANALYSIS
Bezzaponnaya O.V., Golovina E.V., Akulov A.U., Konovalov A.L.
Keywords: identification, quality of fire protection, flame retardants, counterfeit products, counterfeit, thermal analysis.
The article describes the problems of the identification tests of flame retardants of intumescent type using thermal analysis methods, as well as the quality problems of fire protection in general. The reasons for the frequent cases of non-identity flame retardant coatings to the identifier are analyzed. The identity of the analyzed flame retardant coatings to the identifier may be due to: replacing the components of the flame retardants with domestic counterparts, oxidative destruction processes (aging) of the flame retardants, the use of poor quality raw materials by manufacturers of fire protection, violation of the technology of applying flame retardants, especially temperature and humidity conditions, as well as level test qualifications.
Thermoanalytical characteristics characteristic of intumescent type flame retardants of various chemical nature are described.
STUDY OF FIRE RETARDANT PROPERTIES OF INTUMESCENT COMPOSITIONS DURING FIRE TESTS IN HYDROCARBON COMBUSTION
Golovina E.V., Bezzaponnaya O.V., Akulov A.Yu., Mansurov T.H.
Keywords: hydrocarbon temperature regime, fire-retardant efficiency, fire-retardant of intumescent type, oil and gas industry facilities.
The article presents the explanation for fire tests of flame retardants used at the objects of the oil and gas industry by the method of assessing the flame retardant efficiency under hydrocarbon temperature conditions. The results of the study of flame retardants of intumescent type of different chemical nature by the method of assessing the fire retardant efficiency in relation to the conditions of hydrocarbon temperature regime are presented. The analysis of the results obtained for the studied flame retardant materials: silicone, epoxy resins, acrylic and water dispersions.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE PROMRISK IN MODELING ACCIDENTS AT THE GAS STATION
Kokorin V.V., Subachev S.V., Melnichenko Yu.V., Khafizov F.Sh., Khafizov I.F.
Keywords: gas station, fire strait, software, thermal radiation, accident simulation.
The article presents the software PromRisk, developed on the basis of methods for determining the calculated values of fire risk at production facilities. The program can simulate various emergency situations on the ground and underground tanks, pipelines, fuel dispensers, flexible connections from the tanker. To demonstrate the operation of the PromRisk software, the case of depressurization of the tank truck capacity with further ignition of gasoline vapors at the gas station is considered. The comparative analysis of results of work of the software and the technique presented in GOST R 12.3.047-2012 is resulted.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF BASIC INDICATORS OF THE SITUATION WITH FIRES IN URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS THE TYPES OF OBJECTS OF PROTECTION
V.V. Kharin, Bobrinev E. V., Kondashov A. A., Udavtsova E. Yu.
Keywords: fire safety, fire risk, death, injuries, urban settlements, rural settlements, residential buildings, objects of economic activity, recreational facilities.
Studied the indicators of the situation with the fires in the Russian Federation in 2016-2017 the calculations of the average number of dead and injured people on 1 fire separately for urban and rural settlements of kinds of objects of a fire in the Russian Federation for 2016, 2017 a comparative assessment of fires on the types of objects (residential buildings, objects of economic activity, objects of recreational appointment) in urban and rural settlements. It is shown that the risk of dying in fires in rural settlements is 1.5 times more than in urban ones, while at the objects of economic activity this proportion changes to the opposite - the risk of dying in fires in rural settlements is 1.7 times less than in urban ones, the maximum excess of the average number of dead people per 1 fire in rural settlements (2.3 times) is recorded in recreational facilities. The average number of people killed in one fire in rural settlements in residential buildings is 8.9 times more than in the objects of economic activity. The problems of fire safety in urban and rural settlements, requiring solutions.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF COUNTERACTION TO CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS OF FIRE SAFETY REGULATIONS
Elfimov P.V., Vinogradova O.P., Efimov I. A., Tokarev D.S.
Keywords: fire, fire safety, counteraction, ignition, public danger, shorting
The article is devoted to a very topical subject, since modern statistics indicate that Russia is still an alarmingly high level of fire danger. This is reflected in the large number of fires and resulting tremendous human and material losses. Relative indicators (number of fires per population) was 3.5 times higher than in other developed countries, and rates of deaths in Russia as a result of fires exceed the corresponding data to these countries several times. Weight of consequences of fires exceeds consequence of all natural and technogenic catastrophes, and also another emergencies, in Russia, together taken, what testifies to actuality of complex scientific research of problem of counteraction to criminal violations of fire safety rules within the framework of the single system.
THE DRAFT CONCEPT OF COMPLEX INCREASE OF ADAPTATION OF PARK OF FIRE TRUCKS TO LOW –TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
Savin M.A., Teryaev V.V., Lozhkin V.N.
Keywords: low temperature environments, park of fire trucks, climate performance, modernization.
The paper sums up the implementation results of "The concept of improvement of fire trucks and their technical operation in the system of the Public fire service of Emergency Ministry of Russia" of 2002, approved by the order No. 624. of Emergency Ministry of Russia of 12/31/2002.
It also gives characteristic of existence and operating conditions of fire trucks park of Russia.
The author gives the priority directions of development, production, operation and modernization of fire trucks for the northern regions with low temperatures.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE SELECTION OF DECISIONS WHILE EXERCISING THE FIRE BASED ON THE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
Danilov M.M., Danilovа M.А., Eremin M.P., Zaharevsky V.B., Korolev P.S.
Keywords: fire protection, fire extinguishing, fire safety, supply of fire extinguishing substances, decision-making on fire.
In a modernly developing firefighting structure, the multifaceted variational process of extinguishing fires by mobile means from mobile fire fighting equipment is considered in the parameters of action evaluation. It recalls the problems of increasing the effectiveness of decisions taken by fire extinguishing leaders, certain aspects are revealed. As one of the possible ways to solve the problem, a decision support system is proposed in the organization of fire extinguishing, presented by scientific cycles of application of the developed technology at the stages of firefighting, a description of the basic principles of construction and the structure of this system is given. The variant of the use of the operated data obtained using the model for estimating the parameters of the extinguishing agent supply is shown, depending on the tactical capabilities in real time by the fire extinguishing director.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF EXTRACTION OF WATER FROM A FIRE HYDRANT THROUGH THE MODERNIZATION OF THE CENTRAL FIRE KEY COLUMN
Kharlamov R. I, Kolbashov M.A., Toporov A.V.
Keywords: fire column, fire hydrant, water intake, firefighting, rescue people.
In order to solve the problems arising from the water intake from the fire hydrant, the author's team proposes to upgrade the all-metal сentral key of the fire column into a mechanism that will compensate the missing range of coupling of the square coupling and the hydrant rod by means of axial displacement. At the same time, the order of operation and installation of the fire column on the hydrant is made in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation, but the probability of opening the hydrant valve is significantly increased, since the distinctive feature of the proposed design of the сentral key of the fire column is the spring-loaded arrangement of the square coupling, which will ensure its effective coupling with the rod of the fire hydrant, regardless of its mechanical wear.
ALGORITHM FOR AUTOMATIC DETERMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF WIND WHEN ESTIMATING THE HEAT FLOW OF A FIRE OF FLAMMABLE FLUID
Kar'kin I.N., Kontar N.A., Subachev S.V., Subacheva A.А.
Keywords: modeling of fires, calculation of fire risk, fire hazard of industrial facilities.
The paper presents an algorithm that allows the process of making fire risk calculations at industrial facilities with flammable liquids when analyzing the heat flow of a spill fire to determine whether the point in question is on the leeward side of the fire flame, with an arbitrary shape of the spill area. The algorithm is implemented in the computer program "PromRisk", designed to calculate fire risks at industrial facilities.
THE EFFICIENCY OF EXTINGUISHING FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS WITH THE USE OF JETS SPUTTERED
Barakovskyh S.A., Karama E.A., Karapuzikov A.A., Dyakov M.V., Tikina I.V., Stavrinidi S.U.
Keywords: combustible liquid, spray jet, fire extinguishing agent, extinguishing efficiency
Successful extinguishing of fires of combustible liquids is achieved by properly selected extinguishing agent and the method of its supply to the source of ignition. To date, the most popular way to combat flame in extinguishing combustible liquids is low and medium expansion foam. The effectiveness of the extinguishing foam is to maintain on the surface of the combustible liquid dense layer of foam in view of its rapid destruction upon contact with the combustible liquid for a successful termination of the combustion process. This entails the involvement of a large number of forces and means for carrying out foam attacks. Water is the most widely used means of extinguishing fires associated with the burning of various substances and materials. In the absence of the possibility of organizing a fire fighting foam for extinguishing combustible liquids permitted the use of sprayed water. To determine the maximum efficiency of the process of fire extinguishing with sprayed water in the work carried out a number of experiments to extinguish the fire from the trunks of various modifications. The analysis of the obtained data shows that the most optimal means of extinguishing combustible liquid is the use of water as a fire extinguishing agent in the form of a sprayed jet supplied by a fire manual combined trunk RSK-50.
Riskogenny factors of planning of checks in the field of fire safety
Lazarev A.A., Bulgakov V. V.
Keywords: fire safety, planning of checks, supervision.
In this article aspects of formation of the plan of checks in the field of fire safety the forthcoming year are considered. For the purpose of improvement of this activity by authors the analysis of literature, media data, experience of supervising and preventive activity of inspection structure, statistical data is carried out. Following the results of this analysis ranging of riskogenny factors of planning of checks in the specified area was carried out and 3 levels are allocated. Also ten riskogenny factors of planning of checks in the field were allocated, including: loading on the planned inspections falling on one inspector in connection with the termination of "supervising vacation"; number of the working days spent for planned inspection of object of various categories of risk; quantity of working hours, one object spent for quality check of planning by the subordinated staff; frequency of carrying out actions for preparation of inspection structure for checks for increase of their quality (productivity); frequency of planning of object which was never checked by federal state fire supervision; number of the planned inspections falling on one inspector in a month; need to provide time reserve when planning checks for performance of suddenly arising instructions. The expert assessment of risk of planning of the specified checks is carried out and the relevant proposals are prepared.
ANALYSIS OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF NORMATIVE LEGAL ACTS WHEN CONDUCTING SUPERVISORY MEASURES IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL DEFENSE AND PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION AND TERRITORIES FROM EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC CHARACTER
Khabibullina N.V., Cherepanov E.A., Barakovsky M.V., Penyagin P.V., Bugasheva U.I.
Keywords: Supervisory activity on implementation of the state supervision in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergency situations of natural and technogenic character, regulatory legal acts, the check sheet used at implementation of the state supervision in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergency situations of natural and technogenic character, civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergency situations of natural and technogenic character.
The article mentions the analysis of supervisory activities for the implementation of state supervision in the field of civil defense, state supervision in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations of natural and technogenic character, are considered new requirements of regulatory legal acts, when conducting supervisory activities in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergency situations of natural and technogenic character, deficiencies are identified, the newly adopted documents are analyzed and suggests ways to solve the problems identified.
THE ANALYSIS OF LABOR PROTECTION AND FORECASTING OF OPERATIONAL INJURIES IN DIVISIONS OF FPS OF GPS ACROSS SVERDLOVSK REGION
E.N. Tuzhikov, A.S. Perevalov, M.R. Shavaleev, Y.K. Elesina, V.V.Khrulev, I.G. Sheveleva
Keywords: labor protection, occupational injuries, forecast, personnel of fire protection.
This article gives an analysis of the State labour protection offices of fire protection for the Sverdlovsk region over the past 5 years. Presents the results of the calculations on the major indicators of the State of occupational safety and health. Established a mathematical model for short-term forecasting of limit values for the parameters of the deaths and injuries among personnel of units of the fire brigade in the Sverdlovsk region and forecast in the year 2018. Propose effective ways of prevention of occupational injuries in the units of the fire brigade in the Sverdlovsk region.
IMPROVEMENT OF SECURITY CONDITIONS AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AT PRODUCTION FACILITIES
Ozden I.V., Sultanov R.M., Khafizov I.F., Bekbaeva B.D., Tabuldina A.T., Kokorin V.V.
Keywords: labor protection, tracker, lidar, training, computer simulator.
Life safety is the most important element of modern social and political life of any country. Currently, there is an exacerbation of problems after accidents, accidents at industrial facilities, occupational diseases, etc. Labor protection is one of the important aspects of almost any activity. And this area is associated with something conservative and deprived of the possibilities of using innovative methods. Despite this, technical progress is occurring in the field of labor protection. In this regard, the article analyzes the problem of modern technologies used in labor protection to reduce industrial injuries and occupational diseases. Modern innovations in labor protection, such as tracking devices and VR simulators, are considered. Practical recommendations are given on the use of these innovations in labor protection, which allows increasing the efficiency and reducing the number of accidents and accidents at industrial facilities.
2018 № 3 (20)
METHODS OF APPLICATION OF COMPRESSION FOAM FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES
Kamluk A.N., Grachulin A.V.
Keywords: compressed air foam system, compression foam, gas-liquid flow, quasi-homogeneous model, engineering technique, technology of fire extinguishing.
In the arsenal of fire departments of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus there are a number of imported compressed air foam systems, which are used by analogy with the traditional technology of extinguishing fires with air-mechanical foam of low multiplicity with the use of foam nozzles due to the lack of well-grounded tactical and technical characteristics and methods of their application for extinguishing fires. In addition, the existing method of hydraulic calculation of hose lines is not applicable in the case of compression foam movement.
Advantages of compressed air foam systems before of traditional foam fire extinguishing technologies make the tasks of determining the tactical and technical characteristics of these systems and developing methods for their application to extinguish fires very relevant. In turn, the high cost of compressed air foam systems in the context of implementing the import substitution policy determines the need to develop a domestic system and recommendations for its effective use by fire departments.
PARKED VEHICLES – A SIGNIFICANT BARRIER TO REDUCING THE TIME OF DEPLOYMENT OF FORCES AND MEANS OF RESCUE UNITS
Shavaleev M.R., Dalkov M.P., Barbin N.M., Osipenko S.I., Tuzhikov E.N.
Keywords: parked vehicles, evacuation, operational time, fire and rescue units, hydraulic trolleys.
The article describes the problems of parked vehicles on the routes of fire and rescue units, as a factor influencing the increase in social and material consequences of the fire. The existing measures aimed at combating this problem are considered and the use of sub-hydraulic trolleys, allowing to move (evacuate) interfering vehicles, is proposed.
DECREASE IN TIME OF THE FREE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRE BY IMPROVEMENT OF A FIRE COLUMN
Polunin G.A., Grebenshchikov A.A., Zaynishev A.V., Bogdanov A.V.
Keywords: fire hydrant, fire column, central (face) key, coupling, piston.
Progress does not stand still, technologies, production develop, together with them also scales of emergency situations grow. Kind of there was no wish for that, despite a set of preventive and protective measures, the production is more scale, the technogenic risk is higher. One of destructive factors is the fire. A priority of fire services at fire emergence, is rescue of human lives and the fastest elimination of the fire. For this purpose, firefighters need the reliable, high-quality and trouble-free equipment. In this article it is considered the fire fighting equipments, in particular the fire hydrant working together with a fire column, used for elimination of the fires. The analysis of this inventory is made, shortcomings are revealed and the solution increasing effectiveness of use of an inventory in the conditions of emergency situations is proposed. It is shown that the offered change in a design of a fire column allows to lower time of expansion of division and, therefore, time of the free development of the fire.
MODEL OF SYSTEM OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF MANAGEMENT OF FIRE AND RESCUE DIVISIONS
Denisov A,N., Stepanov O.I.
Keywords: firefighting, information and analytical support, system of management, extinguishing position.
The functioning of the segment of the model of the information and analytical support system for the management of fire and rescue divisions for extinguishing the building of low resistance during a fire was simulated. The model of the operations of the operational departments of fire and rescue divisions, taking into account the scenarios for the development of a fire, depending on the location of the fire in a building with low resistance during a fire, was considered. Structural components of the model were described and connections between them were established. The attainability of the control transitions of the model with the given structural components of the controlled subsystem of the control system for fire and rescue subdivisions was determined. The rules for triggering control transitions, based on the assessment of the tactical potential of fire and rescue divisions were established. The dependence of the delay of markers in positions relative to the time of emulation, which are determined by calculated or experimental methods, was established. The final marking of the network for a given structure of the managed subsystem of the control system and ways of its graphical interpretation is given. The scope of the model of the information-analytical support system for the management of fire and rescue divisions and its software implementation was proposed. The structure of the software product, in the form of a block diagram and general requirements for the operation of its elements and interaction with the operator, is given.
THE PROBLEM OF FIRE SAFETY WHEN STORING ETHANOL TANK
Kazantseva T.O., Kazionova K. A., Kokorin V.V.
Keywords: ethyl alcohol, fire safety, area of spill, tank, causes of fire.
The article deals with the problems of fire safety in the storage of ethyl alcohol in tanks. It is established that the first two problems are related to the development and approval of fire safety standards for the storage of ethyl alcohol. Namely: the first is connected with the lack of modern normative literature, and the second with the bias of the presented values in the already available. Another problem is the unreliability of data on fires and accidents. To this issue include: withholding information, managers and employees of the objects themselves, incorrect presentation of information by employees of fire departments, duplication and distortion of existing data, etc. possible ways of addressing the issues under consideration.
INSTALLATION OF SIMULATION LOSS OF SHOULDER ON FIRE HANDS AT PUMP LIQUID PUMPING
Shavaleev M.R., Dalkov M.P., Barbin N.M., Peshkov A.V., Zavrazhin R.V.
Keywords: installation, modeling, simulation, pressure loss.
А pressure loss simulation (simulation) setting is proposed for working out fluid pumping by fire departments both vertically and horizontally.
REGRESSION MODEL OF CHANGES IN FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS DEPENDING ON HEADSPACE ANALYSIS CONDITIONS
Krasilnikov A.V., Belshina U.N., Lovchikov V.A.
Keywords: gas chromatography, headspace analysis, headspace analysis, partition coefficient, infrared spectroscopy
A purge and trap device for circulating headspace analysis of flammable liquids such as gasoline with octane number 95 and solvent R-646 has been developed for fire-technical expertise purposes. The device includes microcompressor, trapping system with sorbent, IR vial, flow taps, and degassing flask, flask heater.
The functional groups were diagnosed by means of infrared spectroscopy. It is shown that during the heat of analytes becomes The coefficients of the partition of the components of flammable liquids in liquid-vapor systems are experimentally determined.
EVALUATION OF THE STRENGTH OF FIRE RESCUE ROPE WITH A KNOT
Alimov A.V., Staheev M.V., Sopiga V.A.
Keywords: fire rescue rope, fixing methods, strength, elongation, factor of safety
The article presents the results of a test for the strength of fire rescue rope samples with a knot, depending on the ways of fixing the construction. Until now, the loss of strength in the refitting unit has not been taken into account when using it as a life-saving device. The study determines the margin of safety in various ways of fixing. It is shown that the strength and lengthening of the fire rescue rope depends on the method of fixing the construction. Optimal methods of fastening are determined.
INVESTIGATION OF OXIDATIVE-DESTRUCTIVE PROCESSES PROTECTING IN FIRE-PROTECTIVE COMPOSITIONS OF INTUMESCENT TYPE WITH A TIME OF TIME, METHOD OF THERMAL ANALYSIS
Bezzaponnaya O.V.
Keywords: natural aging, climatic tests, fireproof compounds of intumescent type, synchronous thermal analysis method, stability.
The process of natural aging of thermally expanding flame retardant coatings based on aqueous vinyl acetate dispersion was studied. The presence of signs of instability of thermoanalytical characteristics of fire-retardant material over time has been detected. A decrease in the intensity of mass loss as a result of the material's intuition over time, an increase in the ash content and the migration of DTG peaks are established. A tendency has been found to decrease the fire-protective efficiency of the intumescent coating during the operation of the coating in a closed environment for 2 years.
THE PASSIVE WAY OF INCREASE OF SUITABILITY OF TRANSMISSION OF FIRE TRUCKS TO WINTER OPERATION CONDITIONS
Lozhkin V.N., Suprunovsky A.М., Savin M.A., Borisov A.L.
Keywords: winter conditions, fire truck, temperature condition of work, driving axle, heat insulation, efficiency.
In article the reasons of decrease in efficiency of units of transmission of fire trucks of execution At winter are in detail analyzed. The thermal mode makes direct impact on effectiveness of operation of the power gear. Technical solution the providing increase in traction and high-speed qualities, durability, profitability of fire trucks in low-temperature conditions is offered and experimentally investigated on efficiency. On a fire tanker truck of ATs-3,0-40(URAL-43206) the equipment which is turning on the DTS014-50M.V3.20/3 temperature recorder for temperature measurement of oil in a reducer of a driving axle and the showing TPM501 device placed in a driver's cab was installed. Polyurethane foam heat insulation of a driving axle accelerates processes of self-heating of transmission oil at the beginning of following of the special mobile equipment and slows down the rate of its cooling at the parking on site of a call and in depot.
THE METHOD OF CHOOSING THE OPTIMAL VARIANT OF THE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF EMERGENCY SERVICES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THEIR READINESS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE IN TRANSPORT
Vodnev S.A., Maksimov А.V., Matveev A.V.
Keywords: accident and emergency, transport, emergency services, emergency management, readiness and serviceability of vehicles and equipment.
The paper substantiates the interrelation of efficiency of activity of rescue services on liquidation of emergency situations and other incidents on the transport level of the technical state and completeness of emergency equipment. A method of solving the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of solutions for the equipment and maintenance of vehicles of emergency services. The results of the problem solution are aimed at choosing the optimal variant of technical support (purchase of new equipment, repair of the existing, repair of the created) emergency services by forming a comprehensive assessment based on the construction of formal criteria: the level of serviceability and readiness of emergency equipment to eliminate accidents and emergencies.
INCREASING THE LEVEL OF FIRE SAFETY AT SOCIALLY IMPORTANT FACILITIES
Barakovskikh S.A., Karama E.A., Kontoboitseva M.G., Uvarov I.A.
Keywords: emergency situation, risk assessment, integral risks, index method.
The article deals with the development of organizational and technical measures aimed at improving the operational actions of the first head of fire fighting, rescue of people with limited mobility in fires and determine the estimated time of rescue of people unable to self-evacuation from different floors of the building. The calculated dependences on the determination of the time spent on saving people by medical personnel in accordance with the mobility group, taking into account the possibility of their rescue, before the arrival of fire protection units.
ENSURING FIRE SAFETY OF OBJECTS OF PROTECTION BY CREATING A DATABASE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES
Kharko S.L., Uvarov I.A., Karama E.A., Barakovskikh S.A.
Keywords: information base of protection objects, fire, statistical analysis, operational-electronic documents.
The article deals with the issues of updating the information base of protection objects in the fire protection units. The creation of a database of information resources will improve the level of training of employees to perform basic tasks at various protection facilities, indicators of rapid response, and will also contribute to the economic efficiency of the use of modern fire-fighting technologies.
MODELING OF VAPOR PHASE AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF THE SYSTEM DIMETHYL ETHER-WATER (1:11) WHEN HEATED IN ARGON ATMOSPHERE
Golubev A.E., Barbin N.M., Terenitev D.I., Alexeev S.G.
Keywords: dimethyl ether, water, thermodynamic modeling, phase distributions, partial pressure, thermal physics.
Dimethyl ether is a potential alternative fuel, hydrogen donor in fuel cells, refrigerant, propellant and component for perfumery and cosmetic compositions and compositions. In this regard, there is a need to study the thermal properties of dimethyl ether. The thermodynamic modeling of the system behavior (1 dimethyl ether – 11 water) under heating in an inert environment at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 273 - 1273 K was carried out using the TERRA software. Plotted the distribution of the component phases depending on the temperature of the system. The temperature ranges of physical, chemical and chemical processes in the system under study are established. Set the main physical-chemical processes occurring in a specified interval of temperatures and the changes of the thermophysical properties. The constants of equilibrium reactions are calculated.
IMITATION MODEL OF THE EMERGENCY SPILL OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS ON INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
Kar'kin I.N., Kontar N.A., Subachev S.V., Subacheva A.А.
Keywords: modeling of emergency spills, calculation of fire risk, fire hazard of industrial facilities.
The paper presents a computer imitation model designed to predict the area and boundaries of emergency spills of flammable liquids that are necessary to calculate the values of fire risk at the industrial facilities.
EVALUATION CRITERIA OF HEAT RESISTANCE FLAME RETARDANTS INTUMESCENT TYPE FOR OIL AND GAS FACILITIES
Golovina E.V., Bezzaponnaya O.V., Mansurov T.H.
Keywords: heat resistance, evaluation criteria for heat resistance thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential thermogravimetric method (DTG) intumescent composition, synchronous thermal analysis, hydrocarbon combustion
The article considers the concept of heat resistance of flame retardants of intumescent type, provides a rationale for the criteria for determining their thermal stability for the temperature conditions of hydrocarbon combustion by synchronous thermal analysis (STA), as well as an approach to assessing the thermal resistance of intumescent flame retardants for the oil and gas industry. The estimation of thermal stability of compositions of different chemical nature in accordance with the proposed criteria is given.
MATRIX METHOD OF INTEGRAL RISKS ASSESSMENT OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Raimbekov K.Zh., Kussainov A.B.
Keywords: emergency situation, risk assessment, integral risks, index method.
In order to protect the population and the territory from natural and man-made emergency situations, a state civil protection system has been established in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Increasing the effectiveness of the state civil protection system is one of the main tasks of the state policy in the field of national security. At the same time, there are a number of problems in the country that hamper the effectiveness of civil protection management. To increase the effectiveness of management of civil protection system, the authors suggest using a matrix approach to the definition of integral risks of emergencies using the index method. The index method allows conducting a primary assessment of the integral risks and comparing them between regions. The matrix model makes it possible to assess the susceptibility of regions and the measures taken to prevent emergencies in various areas: the integrated risk factor for territories and the integrated hazard indicator of emergencies. The calculations performed by the authors on the example of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the exposure to emergency situations, have shown that a comprehensive assessment of integral risk by the index method is one of the most important logical components of the organized process of emergency risk management and should be integrated into the civil protection system.
FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF THE CHEMICAL ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
Alexeev S.G., Alexeev K.S.
Keywords: accident, reaction, sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxide, reservoir.
When cutting metal by electric welding, a brown smoke (NO2) is released from the waste sulfuric acid vessel. As a result of fighting fire service allowed to enter of water into the reservoir, which leads to increased smoke emissions of nitrogen oxides. With the help of foam attack and the process of neutralization by sodium bicarbonate, it is possible to eliminate the accident. On the fact of the accident, participants and eyewitnesses to the elimination of the accident expressed ten different versions of what happened. There are the critical analysis of these versions of the accident are done. The paper describes chemical reactions, which took place in the waste sulfuric acid before and during the liquidation of this accident. On the basis of the conducted research it is established that when performing electric welding works, the reservoir is depressurized and yellow smoke is released. This is due to the release of dioxide and nitrogen monoxide from the reservoir. During welding, molten metal droplets also fall into spent sulfuric acid, which causes local heating and promotes chemical reactions with the release of nitrogen oxides. At the initial stage of liquidation of the accident, water falls into the reserve. Contact H2O with sulfuric acid conducts to its heating, which increases the release of gaseous products. The appearance of black smoke in the process of accident elimination is explained by the chemical reactions of incomplete oxidation of nitro products. The reaction of neutralization of sulfuric acid with sodium bicarbonate initially only enhances the thermal effect of heating and release of gas and vapor products, but in the future it contributes to the elimination of the accident. "Foam pillow" above the surface of the solution inside the reservoir served as a more efficient "filter" for trapping off-gases than a water curtain. The considered example of the chemical accident investigation is useful for both practical workers and trainees, since it avoids possible errors and negative consequences.
THE USE OF THE DROP-LUMINESCENT ANALYSIS METHOD IN ASSESSING THE LEVEL AND TYPE OF OIL CONTAMINATION OF THE SOIL
Elfimov N.V., Dementiev F.A., Belshina U.N.
Keywords: oil pollution, soil, diagnostics, drop-luminescent analysis.
The paper suggests a technique for studying oil contamination of the soil on the basis of the drop-luminescent analysis method, which can be used to detect latent spills and unauthorized oil and oil product drains, as well as in assessing the spread of oil contamination in environmental objects at the preliminary stage of the expert study. On a number of samples of commodity petroleum products and oil of various national civil aviation, its effectiveness and high convergence of the obtained results is proved. It is shown that with the help of the drip luminescence analysis method it is possible to diagnose the type of introduction and semiquantitative estimate of the degree of soil contamination.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE CONCEPTUAL APPARATUS IN THE FIELD OF RADIATION, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION MEANS
Muraev N., Shishikin P., Samoylenko S., Vishnyakov A.
Keywords: correctness of the term, conceptual apparatus, gas mask, size of face piece, standardization of terminology.
Improper understanding and interpretation of a given term may reduce the effectiveness of any practical and scientific research, including those related to the activities of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia. At present, there are certain terms in the conceptual apparatus that are in fact not correct definitions, which presupposes the necessity of scientifically substantiating the correction of such concepts. The article presents a special case of inaccuracy of terminology in the field of radiation, chemical and biological protection.
2018 № 2 (19)
MOBILE UNIT TESTING OF FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT FOR RESCUE WORK AT HEIGHTS
Semenov A.D., Kharlamov R. I., Kurochkin V.Yu., Kolbashov M.A., Moiseev Yu.N.
Keywords: fire ladder, fire equipment, salvage, facility, test.
The paper conducts analysis of testing methods of fire-fighting equipment for rescue work at height. It is established that the reliability of fire-fighting equipment depends on the efficiency of the fire while extinguishing a fire and liquidation of consequences of emergency situations. The technical readiness of fire units is characterized by the operation of fire equipment in which there is a change in the design parameters of the equipment. Technical changes affect the reliability of fire-fighting equipment to extinguish the fire and conduct rescue operations. To commit the changes in a constructive elements of the equipment necessary to carry out its test. Currently, the health check equipment for rescue (fire escapes, ropes, belts, rope block device) is held on specially equipped sites and organizations that require additional costs for delivery of rescue equipment and conducting the tests. In this paper, a mobile installation for testing fire-fighting equipment. The developed design allows to test all types of manual fire-escapes and means of individual rescue firefighter. The proposed design is a metal farm, which includes a system of blocks, rope, mobile videos, allowing testing of life-saving equipment without the use of facades.
RECOGNITION OF THE COMBUSTION FIELD ON THE BLACK-AND-WHITE STATIC IMAGE RECEIVED BY THE DRONE
Vytovtov A.V., Shumilin V.V., Kalach A.V.
Keywords: drone, flame recognition, automatic control system, recognition algorithm, linear object of oil and gas industry.
The task of automatic detection of a flame during monitoring of linear objects of the oil and gas industry from the side of a drone is solved by a multilevel system of filters analyzing different combustion characteristics. The developed model analyzes the pixel color in a black-and-white static image by the first filter. The flame region in the monochrome RGB space tends to an absolutely white color the threshold value, which depends on the distance, illumination and brightness of the light source. To determine the mathematical dependence of the factors under consideration and the threshold value of the flame color, laboratory and polygon full factor experiments were carried out. Based on the results of processing the experimental data, multiple polynomial regression is obtained, the determination coefficient is calculated. The data obtained are an integral part of the mathematical model of flame detection from a drone while monitoring the linear objects of the oil and gas industry.
SOME MYTHS AND STEREOTYPES IN FORENSIC FIRE INVESTIGATION. Part 1
Alexeev S.G., Glukhikh P.A., Barbin N.M.
Keywords: myth, stereotype, misconception, fire investigation, fire investigator (expert witness).
Next myths (misconceptions and stereotypes): «Alligatoring», «Crazed glass», «Depth of char», «Line of demarcation», «Sagged furniture springs», «Melting materials», and «Gasoline vapors are readily ignited by a cigarette» are examined. They take place in foreign and Russian fire investigations. The formation of coarse coal, a material trace of crazed glass and Sagged furniture springs cannot use as an unambiguous technical sign of arson with the help of flammable or combustible liquids. An attempt to determine the burning time from the rate and depth of char are able to lead to erroneous conclusions. The existence of a clearly defined boundary between burning sites should not always be interpreted as a technical sign of arson. Based on the critical analysis, their inconsistency is shown. The idea of using the melting point of various materials as a marker for constructing a picture of thermal damages at the site of a fire is practically not realizable in practice. Smoldering tobacco products are not able to ignite gasoline vapor and many other flammable liquids. The knowledge of this subject allows avoiding the mistakes in reports of fire expert witnesses.
STANDARD INDICATORS INFLUENCING THE MANAGEMENT DECISIONS OF THE HEAD OF THE FIRE FIGHTING IN CASE OF FIRE IN STORAGE BUILDINGS (FACILITIES)
Panov A.V., Denisov A.N., Kamyshanov A. A.
Keywords: buildings, structures, management, firefighting, support solutions.
Considered possible violations of requirements of normative documents on fire safety in the storage buildings (facilities) impact to support decision-making by the head of the fire fighting at fires. Based on the analysis of the possible violations are the consequences of contributing to the development of fire, which directly affect the adoption of effective management decisions at the input of forces and means of the first units. The algorithm of forming scenarios in the localization and liquidation of fires.
ORGANIZATION OF TRAINING OF THE POPULATION FOR FIRE SAFETY MEASURES
Priorova E.M., Priorov G.E., Sukharev A.V., Sapogov D.L.
Keywords: training in fire safety measures; fire risk; fire technical knowledge; civil liability; risk-oriented approach.
In this article features of training the population for the fire safety measures are considered. The most vulnerable segments of the population are exposed to fire risks. The draft order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, created for the purpose of organizing fire safety training for employees of organization, is analyzed. Proposed recommendations can raise the level of fire technical knowledge, civil liability and, as a result, enhance the security of the individual and the state.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE RELIABILITY OF BEARINGS OF FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT FOR THE ACCOUNT OF IMPROVEMENT OF TRIBOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LUBRICANTS
Zarubin V.P., Kiselev V.V., Toporov A.V., Yakovenko T.A.
Keywords: reliability, wear, friction, grease.
Increasing the reliability and durability of special fire and rescue equipment is a very urgent task. According to statistical data, one of the main reasons for the failure of equipment is the wear of rubbing surfaces, including rolling bearings. The service life of the bearing units is influenced by the quality of the lubricants used. The paper presents the results of research aimed at improving the tribotechnical characteristics of plastic lubricants used in bearing assemblies of fire and rescue equipment. A method for the preparation of a triboactive additive, which helps to reduce the coefficient of friction and bearing wear, is described.
THE ALGORITHM OF SYNTHESIS OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF FIRE AND RESCUE DIVISIONS ON THE FIRE PLACE
Denisov A.N., Stepanov O.I.
Keywords: firefighting, algorithm of synthesis, system of management, extinguishing position, decision support.
The algorithm of synthesis of management system of fire (fire-rescue) divisions in the organization of firefighting is developed for the first time. The author considers the structure of the management system of fire divisions, based on the decomposition of the forces and means of divisions on the extinguishing positions and providing fire extinguishing activities. A structural and functional model for the development of the management system of fire divisions, which allows to present the stages of system development as components of a unified fire extinguishing process is given. The algorithm for choosing the decisive course of action to extinguish a fire and carry out res-cue operations is formalized and considered in the context of structuring of manage-ment system of fire divisions. The application of the synthesis algorithm of the management system of fire divisions in systems of decision support is suggested. The conditions for the implementation of the process of structuring of the management system of fire divisions, expressed in the rule of position formation, depending on the compo-sition of the forces and means of divisions arriving at the site of the fire are proposed. The software implementation of the algorithm for synthesizing of the management sys-tem of fire divisions allows to formalize the process of investigating the fires that occurred and conducting fire analysis. The application area of the algorithm for the synthesis of the management system of fire divisions and the software product developed on its basis are suggested.
HOSE CLAMP FOR RESTORATION OF SERVICEABILITY OF PRESSURE HOSES IN A FIRE
Kurochkin V.Yu., Puchkov P.V., Kostyev A.A., Semenov A.D., Kolbashov M.A.
Keywords: fire hose, hose clamp, design, device, recovery.
During the fire-fighting pressure hoses are subjected to mechanical stress. As a result of exposure is damage to the sleeve. This entails a reduction in the amount or termination of the supply to the combustion zone extinguishing agents, increasing the time of fighting and damage to property from fire. Depending on the type and amount of damage to the pressure hose, you can use the following hose clamps: band clamps and corset. But none of the above hose clamps cannot be used for transverse or longitudinal gap of the sleeve 20 cm. The aim of this work was the design of a bag clip, which will eliminate several different damage pressure fire hose. Designed the hose clamp consists of four elements: a connecting sleeve, 2 clamps, axle and screw. The device is made of aluminum alloy and silumin. In detail using the program 3D-modeling the order of Assembly of the device and setting it on fire hose. Stress analysis device to determine its reliability are performed. Conducted engineering calculations allowed to determine the main geometric dimensions of the device and allowable internal and external pressures. Designed hose clamp will allow to recover the pressure hose when the gap or with the weakening of navasky on the sleeve coupling head for fire extinguishing.
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE THICKNESS OF THE SHEETING OF MULTILAYERED KREMNE-GRANITNOGO OF THE BLOCK AT THERMAL INFLUENCE FROM THE SEAT OF FIRE
Sharhun S.V., Volkov S.V., Elfimova M.B., Kiekbaeva A.F.
Keywords: fire, thermal stream, temperature, seat of fire, heat-insulation layer, thickness of a facing layer, fire-prevention distances.
Results of laboratory researches on determination of effective thickness of a protective (facing) layer flint - the granite block taking into account an object arrangement at rated distance between structures and constructions are presented in article.
The analysis of requirements of the existing normative documents regarding concerning a relative positioning of buildings in territories of garden and country associations or on the land plots intended for individual housing construction is also presented in article.
THE BASIC ACTION MODEL IN PRACTICE OF SOFTWARE APPLICATION BY THE INCIDENT COMMANDER
Danilov M.M., Denisov A.N., Gundar S.V., Zaharevsky V.B., Danilovа M.А.
Keywords: algorithm, basic decision, prestrategic actions, an economic entity, pump and hose systems, the incident commander.
The article focuses on the use of programme-algorithmic complex by the incident commander under extinguishant application. The software product designed for calculating build-up flexibility in information and analytical support of the incident commander is described based of the analysis of the platoon regulating (basic) action and extinguishant application data.
MODIFICATION OF FLAME RETARDANTS AS A WAY OF REDUCING COSTS
Bezzaponnaya O.V., Golovina E.V., Bezzaponnyj A.E., Elfimova M.B.
Keywords: fire retardants, modification, aluminosilicate microspheres, wollastonite, synchronous thermal analysis, cost of composition.
The article deals with the modification of the flame retardant composition based on a silicone binder in order to increase their heat resistance, reduce the combustibility and the cost of fire retardants. It has been established that the addition of 5 % of the addition of aluminosilicate microspheres or wollastonite to the flame retardant composition based on silicone rubber leads to an increase in the ash residue by 13.52 ÷ 13.56%, a reduction in the thermal effect of the flame retardant composition by more than 3 times and significant economic effect.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS FLAME RETARDANTS ON THE DEGRADATION OF WOOD By THE METHOD OF SYNCHRONOUS THERMAL ANALYSIS AND MASS SPECTROMETRY
Krasilnikova M. A., Bezzaponnaya O.V., Balakin V. M.
Keywords: flame retardant for wood, thermolysis of the wood, simultaneous thermal analysis, differential thermogravimetrical method (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
The paper studies the influence of nitrogen phosphorous flame retardant composition for wood, obtained on the basis of the products of aminolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with polyethylene polyamine (PAPА) on the thermal degradation of wood by synchronous thermal analysis and mass spectrometry. Results of researches testify that drawing on a wood surface of the nitrophosphoric OS on the basis of products of aminolysis of polyethylene terephthalate changes the mechanism of its thermal decomposition. Under the influence of high temperatures, the decomposition of ammonium salts occurs a-aminomethylphosphonic acids with formation of low molecular weight compounds (H2O, CO2, CH4), fire retardant phosphorus-containing compounds, which act as dehydrating agents. The residual weight of the treated wood flame retardant composition is 6 times more, which indicates a high flame retardant ability of the applied flame retardant composition.
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTROSTATIC PROPERTIES MANAGEMENT THE LIQUID HYDROCARBONS FOR ENSURING FIRE SAFETY OF OIL AND GAS ENTERPRISES
Ivanov A.V., Skrypnik I. L., Sorokin A.Yu., Savenkova A.E.
Keywords: liquid hydrocarbons, nanofluids, multiwall carbon nanotubes, paints, variable frequency-modulated potential, fire safety, electrostatic intrinsic safety technology, oil and gas industry
The paper presents generalized results of investigations of electrostatic properties of liquid hydrocarbons and materials under conditions of electrophysical and reagent modification. On the basis of empirical data, properties control technology of the flammable and combustible liquids which modified with nanosized carbon clusters is substantiated. The technology is realized by dispersing multilayered carbon nanotubes into liquid hydrocarbons at the stages of homogenization, transportation of substances and preparation of finished products, changing the parameters of dielectric permittivity, electrical conductivity, leading to a change in the thermophysical characteristics and rheological properties of substances and materials, in order to minimize the consequences of accidental bottling and dangerous manifestations of static electricity. Parameters of modification technologies provide for the organization of a control system for the stability of nanofluids through electrostatic action in the substance and at the interface, as well as the design of properties of nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of fire protection and reduce the probability and consequences of emergency spills at oil and gas facilities.
INNOVATIVE MEANS OF FIRE-TECHNICAL PRODUCTS FOR EXHAUST FIRE OF OBJECTS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Perevalov A.S., Rassohin M.A., Nakhin A. N., Potapenko V. V., Kondratev S.A., Ivakhnyuk G. K.
Keywords: fire, armed forces, modular fire-extinguishing installation of container execution, time of free development of a fire.
The issue of ensuring fire protection of the facilities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the role and place of modular fire extinguishing installations of container performance is considered. The main characteristics that these facilities possess, their advantages and disadvantages are given. Appropriate ways to improve the modular fire extinguishing systems of container design.
RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AT THE COMMON SERVICES PLATFORM DUTY AND DISPATCHING SERVICES OF MUNICIPALITIES
Barakovskikh S.A., Karama E.A., Kharko S.L.
Keywords: risk management system, software package, information and methodological designer of protection objects, Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
The article considers the questions of introduction of system of risk management in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation at the common services platform duty and dispatching services of municipalities, so as to increase the level of preparedness of local authorities and departments of the municipal entity to respond to a threat of occurrence or occurrence of emergency situations in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation to improve the overall level of comprehensive security of population and territories due to a significant improve coordination of forces and services responsible for addressing these challenges.
APPROBATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MOBILE APPLICATION "CIVIL ANTI-GAS" AS MEANS OF COMBATING WITH THE DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTERFEIT MEANS OF PROTECTION AND MEASURES OF THE TRAINING CHARACTER
Shishikin P., Subachev S., Vishnyakov A., Muraev N.
Keywords: counterfeit, mobile application, gas mask; personal respiratory protection; electronic identification mark.
The article discusses the testing and implementation of a special mobile application "Civilian gas masks" that allows you to read information from the electronic badging, to make a conclusion about the counterfeit or genuine nature of the products, and also provide a variety of information and educational help character, which in turn will virtually eliminate the possibility of propagation of counterfeit civilian gas masks.
THEORETICAL BASES OF INCREASE IN RELIABILITY OF MANAGEMENT OF FORCES AND MEANS OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA AT MITIGATION OF CONSEQUENCES OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Chernykh A.K., Nefed'yev S.A., Vilkov V.B.
Keywords: emergency situation, reliability of communication channels, theory of indistinct sets, fuzzy logic, edges of counts, maximum skeleton.
In article theoretical questions of creation of system of the communication channels providing reliability of management of forces and means of the Ministry of Emergency Situations during mitigation of consequences of emergency situation are considered. The proof of optimality of the offered approach to creation of structure of communication channels is carried out. The optimum algorithm realizing the specified approach illustrated with a substantial example is offered. Are brought the problem definition realizing creation of the specified structures of communication channels, based on the ideas of multicriteria optimization.
2018 № 1 (18)
A TECHNIQUE FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF OIL POLLUTANTS BASED ON STUDY OF HEAVY METALS
Schneider A.Y., Belshina Y.N., Ozhegov E.A.
Keywords: oil, oil pollution, X-ray fluorescence analysis, diagnostics, heavy metals.
The paper presents the results of an investigation of the elemental composition of mineralized oil residues by X-ray fluorescence analysis and inductively coupled plasma imass spectrometry. It is shown that the X-ray fluorescence analysis method is more suitable for solving the problem of oil and oil pollution diagnostics, based on the study of the heavy metals and sulfur content determined in them. As a way to diagnose different types of oil, it is proposed to use the content in their mineralized residues of nickel, vanadium and zinc relative to the sulfur content. The application of this approach makes it possible to distinguish between different types of oil.
THE EXPERIENCE OF FORECASTING THE SITUATION WITH FIRES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF IVANOVO REGION
Salikhova A.H., Samoilov D.B., Shvarev E.A., Mikhalin V.N., Lazarev A.A., Zavarykhina O.S.
Keywords: fire safety, statistical method, software product, forecasting, government supervision, fire.
The results of the scientific work directed on increase of productivity of work of territorial divisions of the Supervisory activities of the main departments of EMERCOM of Russia through the improvement of analysis and forecasting the situation with fires and their consequences, the study of trends and causes fire danger in the region. The process of developing the forecast is to certain techniques to process the available information about the object of forecasting and to get an idea about the directions of its evolution on the basis of the analysis of tendencies of its development. The use of different methods of forecasting the situation with fires and their consequences will allow you to effectively plan fire prevention activities of the Main departments of EMERCOM of Russia on subjects of the Russian Federation and subordinate units. The paper presents the results of the development of computer programs for analysis and forecasting the situation with fires using the trend of the time series in object-oriented programming environment Object Pascal.
Innovation of means and methods of extinguishing of forest fires
Nakhin A. N., Potapenko V. V., Kondratev S.A., Ivakhnyuk G. K., Perevalov A.S., Rassohin M.A.
Keywords: suppression of wildfires, nanoparticles, the spreading layer, fire extinguishing substances (OTV), water suspensions, heat removal, phase transition, polymorphic transformations, fire extinguishing powder structures.
The critical attitude towards the current state of fire-prevention defense at localization and elimination of large-scale wildfires in the Russian Federation is given. The short review of use for elimination of the natural fires of new fire extinguishing substances is submitted: water buffer solutions, hlorsilan and the stabilized water suspensions of inorganic substances (Fayerlok ®). The prospects of use of the powder device for suppression of fire (Elide) and a compounding on the basis of overburden breeds at extraction of quartz sand are noted.
ANALYSIS PLATEFORMINGPROPERTIES OF THE FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FIBREBOARD WITH REDUCED FIRE HAZARD
Ivanov D.V., Petrusheva N. A., Alashkevich, Yu. D., Baturo A.N.
Keywords: degree of grinding, fractional index, the average fiber length, the cyclic elementary length, second cutting ability.
The method of active multifactorial experiment applied in this work to determine plateforming properties of the fibrous material for the production of fibreboard with reduced fire hazard. As in the work to reduce fire danger fiberboards of wet production method is proposed by using expanded vermiculite, the properties of the original wood-fiber semi-finished product will be of great value. Based on the analysis of publications, we can say that the expanded vermiculite, which it is proposed to introduce into the structure of the fibreboard to reduce its fire danger being, of course, non-fibrous component has a significant influence on the formation of connections in the slab. Wood mass for the production of panels with a reduced fire hazard should be characterized by longer fibers, since a certain amount of fines, providing increase in the total area where the ties will be replaced with the particles of the mineral. The use of expanded vermiculite as additives to reduce fire danger plate without significant loss in its strength, is only possible with a sufficient degree of fibrillation of the fibers. The degree of fibrillatory the greatest influence design parameters like grinding equipment and knife grinding headset.
METHOD OF EVALUATION OF THE HEAT RESISTANCE OF FLAME RETARDANT MATERIALS INTUMESCENT TYPE FOR HYDROCARBON COMBUSTION BY synchronous thermal analysis
Bezzaponnaya O.V., Golovina E.V., Mansurov T.H.
Keywords: intumescent fire-protective composition, thermal stability, synchronous thermal analysis, differential thermogravimetrical method (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
In the article the method of estimation of thermal resistance of fire-retardant intumescent compositions for hydrocarbon combustion is proposed. On the basis of the analysis of literary sources, scientific and technical documentation and experimental researches the most optimum conditions of carrying out tests by a method of the synchronous thermal analysis were chosen. Characteristics of samples are recommended, conditions of carrying out tests of fireproof structures of this type are specified and detailed. Criteria for evaluating the thermal stability of hydrocarbon combustion is proposed.
THE PROBLEM OF JUSTIFICATION AND PLANNING OF APPLICATION OF EMERGENCY RESCUE FORMATION FOR ELIMINATION OF EFFECTS OF METEOROIDS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE SUBJECT OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Sednev V.A., Blinov D.L.
Keywords: influence of meteoroids, means for liquidation of consequences of influence, emergency rescue units.
Many studies have been devoted to the study of the behavior of asteroids in outer space. All of them are connected with the definition of the motion of cosmic bodies and with methods of influencing them in order to prevent collision with the Earth. However, no one is conducting a study to assess the consequences of the impact of space bodies in the event of their fall to Earth. Therefore, based on the analysis of known cases of incidence and impact of meteoroids, the capabilities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for their elimination have been assessed and a sequence of justification of rescue and rescue forces has been obtained.
MODELING OF THE VAPOR PHASE SYSTEM OF DIMETHYL ETHER – WATER (3,5:1) BY HEATING IN ARGON
Golubev A.E., Barbin N.M., Terenitev D.I., Alexeev S.G.
Keywords: dimethyl ether, thermodynamic modeling, phase distribution, partial pressure, temperature.
Dimethyl ether is a potential alternative fuel, a hydrogen donor in fuel cells, a coolant, a propellant and a component for perfume and cosmetic compositions. In this connection, there is a need to study the thermal properties of dimethyl ether. Thermodynamic modeling of the system behavior (dimethyl ether-water) was carried out under heating in an inert medium at atmospheric pressure over a wide temperature range using the "TERRA" software package. The dependence of the distribution of the components on the phases is plotted as a function of the temperature of the system. The temperature ranges of the course of physical, chemical and chemical processes in the system under study are established. The graphs of the temperature dependence of the composition of the gas phase are constructed, the constants of the equilibrium reactions are calculated.
STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE BASIS OF CEMENT UNDER TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE
Dolgushina L.V., Lagunov A.N., Troyak E.Yu., Gaponenko M.V.
Keywords: сement, IR spectroscopy, ultrasonic flaw detection, determination of compressive strength, thermal action.
The behavior of cement stone under thermal action is considered in the article. The dependence of the basic physico-chemical characteristics on the time and temperature of the cement stone heating is shown. As an instrumental research methods, IR spectroscopy, ultrasonic flaw detection and determination of compressive strength were used. When visual examination of cement stone samples, the characteristic color changes and the dynamics of crack development are noticeable with increasing temperature of thermal impact. A linear dependence of the reduction in strength on the temperature of the temperature control of cement samples was established. It is shown that when the sample is heated above 700 °C, the cement becomes loose and starts to crumble. On the basis of IR spectra it was revealed that changes in the structure of cement samples begin to appear when thermostating is over 300 оС, the greatest changes appear in IR spectra of samples heated to 900 оС. It is determined that when the temperature of the thermal effect increases, the speed of the ultrasonic signal through the cement stone decreases linearly, the time of thermal action on the sample does not cause significant changes in the speed of the ultrasonic signal. When testing the cement stone samples for compressive strength, the results of a strong linear reduction in strength were obtained, the time of the thermal action did not significantly change the strength of the samples.
NEURAL NETWORK MODELING CONDITIONS TO PROVIDE ELECTROSTATIC SPARK MODIFIED PROCESSES TRANSPORTING HYDROCARBON FLUIDS ON THE BASIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Sorokin A.Yu., Ivanov A.V., Skrypnik I. L., Simonova M.A.
Keywords: nanofluids, static electricity, electrostatic intrinsic safety, hydrocarbon fluids, variable frequency-modulated potential, neural network.
The results of studies on the evaluation of the effect of reagent modification conditions under the conditions of modification by MWCNT carbon nanostructures and electrophysical modification under the influence of variable frequency modulated potential (VFMP) on the electrostatic properties of liquid hydrocarbons are presented. To evaluate the factors influencing the electrification of modified hydrocarbon fluids in the conditions of their homogenization, a simulation method was used with the help of neural networks (NS).
IMITATIVE MODELING OF DYNAMICS OF THERMAL FLOWS OF POLLUTANTS
Kalach A. V., Solovyev A. S., Kalach E. V.
Keywords: pollutants, simulation modeling, fire, forecasting, thermal flows.
A mathematical model of the distribution of pollutants from fires is developed taking into account the complex self-consistent motion of air masses, in particular, the model reproduces the thermal flow. The model allows to predict the spread of pollutants in space over time, as well as to study the influence of pollutant source parameters and atmospheric disturbances on the distribution of pollution. In the model, the thermal flow was represented as a toroidal motion of heated air masses, which is surrounded by a stream of descending cold air. At the same time, air is considered to be a continuous medium that can be strongly compressed and has an intrinsic viscosity. In the process of joint solution of the Navier-Stokes equations and diffusion, the diffusion pat-tern is superimposed on the velocity field of air masses, taking into account the different size of the grids, and the change in the concentration field in accordance with the local direction of air movement. The developed model and the corresponding program make it possible to predict the spread of contamination in case of reference to a real map with the indication of thermal flows and to study the influence of fire parameters and sources of atmospheric disturbance on the distribution pattern of the contaminated area.
A DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF OIL POLLUTANTS ON OBJECTS OF OIL AND GAS COMPLEX
Elfimov N.V., Mutalieva L.S., Dementiev F.A.
Keywords: oil, oil pollution, identification criterion, luminescent analysis.
The article is devoted to identification of oils using Ta criterion by means of data for analysis and analysis of data, as well as fractions of polyaromatic compounds preliminarily separated by column chromatography. It is shown that the proposed TA identification criterion is effective in solving problems related to the analysis of hazardous situations associated with oil spills, as well as in conducting various kinds of expertise of similar facilities.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Priorova E.M, Priorov G.E, Panfilenok V.A.
Keywords: environmental safety, pollution, environment, ecosystem.
Deterioration of the state of the environment poses a threat to mankind and the natural environment. On the other hand, human activities have a negative impact on the environment, and its consequences are irreversible for ecosystems. The article considers the main environmental problems in Russia and the possibility of ensuring environmental safety, as a factor of sustainable development of society, is one of the most important components of the national security of the Russian Federation.
The state of ecology in the Russian Federation at this stage of the development of the state can be characterized as extreme, and in some of its subjects, even catastrophic. Russia's natural resources are a stabilizing factor in global environmental processes of the planet, but our country is third in terms of emissions of harmful substances in the world. Every year, Russia is increasingly increasing pollution of the environment. The main polluters of the natural environment are industrial enterprises, thermal power plants and objects of housing and communal infrastructure.
One of the defining conditions for sustainable development of Russia is the provision of environmental safety, the basis of which is the awareness of the nature of environmental problems and the development of a new ecological thinking of society.
FEATURES OF REALIZATION OF THE PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF MODERN EDUCATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF EMECOM OF RUSSIA
Talalaeva G.V., Demchenko O.Ju, Gazizova Ju.S., Kontobojceva M.G. Ferapontova Ju.V.
Keywords: modernization, education system, educational institutions of Emercom of Russia.
It is carried out the analysis of the priority directions of education system modernization in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation. It is presented the author's offers on formation the united multistage system model of training of qualified personnel of Emercom of Russia.
THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FIRE BRIGADE IN THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD OF 1917
Petukhova T. N.
Keywords: revolution, fire protection, fire, statutory duties.
Article Petukhova is devoted to the activities of the fire departments in the period from February to October 1917, the period of political choice in the presence of other alternatives. The author emphasizes that the rejection of the current government have led to repeated increase in the number of fires, while firefighters continued to perform his professional duty.
THE FEATURES OF THE METHODOLOGY AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY FORMS OF TRAINING IN THE TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD OF SECURITY
Kokorin D.L., Pashnin A.N., Efimov I.A.
Keywords: methodology, active and interactive forms, interdisciplinary lesson.
The article discusses the features of the methodology and evaluation of the effectiveness of classes in interdisciplinary forms of training of specialists in the field of security with the use of telecommunications and the possibilities of polygons.
2017 № 4 (17)
DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE WORKSHOP FOR MAINTENANCE SUPPORT OF FIRE ENGINES
Zarubin V.P., Toporov A.V., Kiselev V.V., Yakovenko T.A.
Keywords: mobile maintenance support workshop, reliability, fire engine.
During operation most multifunctional firefighting equipment almost always encounter unfavorable conditions drastically reducing their reliability and longevity. Timely and proper maintenance support is a crucial element of firefighting equipment operation. For proper and complete maintenance support of fire engines fire and salvage units must be provided with maintenance support posts, which is not possible now. In view of this, the problem of firefighting equipment repair and maintenance is very urgent. To resolve the above said problems is suggested with the development of a specialized mobile maintenance support workshop.
TO THE QUESTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS OF CORRECTION OF PLANS AND APPROACHES OF JUSTIFICATION OF AUTHORIZATION OF FIRE PROTECTION DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT AT FIRE EXTINGUISHING
Perevalov A.S., Tuzhikov E.N.
Keywords: correction, automation, planning, model, fire protection units.
Improving the control system of forces and assets of fire brigade units in fighting fires will provide an opportunity to ensure fire safety at the proper level. However, for this it is necessary to develop appropriate scenarios for the development of accidents and ways to eliminate them, to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the actions of the RTP in making managerial decisions, and justify the quantitative requirements for the management system. The paper considers the requirements for the correction of the management plans being developed, as well as the advisability of automating the management of the forces and assets of the fire protection units in extinguishing fires. An approach is presented to the development of a model for determining the periodicity of correction of control plans for forces and equipment by fire protection units and the correction duration model. The existing dependencies make it possible to determine the timeliness of the redistribution of forces and resources to achieve the target.
TESTING AUTONOMOUS FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS WITH MICROENCAPSULATED EXTINGUISHING AGENT TO PROTECT ELECTRICAL CABINETS
Kornilov A., Borodin A., Zikov P., Lazarev I., Bulatova V.
Keywords: pirostiker, autonomous fire suppression system, electrical Cabinet.
The main results of field testing of the Autonomous fire extinguishing systems, which are used to protect the cabinets with electrical equipment. As a stand-alone fire-extinguishing installations used eroticity with microencapsulated gaseous extinguishing agent.
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE-RESCUE UNITS MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS COMPUTER AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Malyutin O.S.
Keywords: fire service, informational technologies, software, computers, management, automation, informational environment.
In paper reviewed EMERCOM fire units management automation systems requirements. Describes such systems main functions and then based on fire-rescue objectives and environment analyze make conclusion about presentation of the relevant requirements. Showed requirements by work stability in different occasions, users usability requirements, data safety requirements and technical realization details and software architecture requirements. Proposed requirements may be useful during software for management functions automation development process.
COMPUTER MODELLING OF THE FIRE RESISTANCE BENDABLE METAL DESIGN
Porhachev M.Yu., Akulov A.YU., Bryuhov E.N., Habibullina N.V.
Ключевые слова: огневое воздействие, компьютерное моделирование, огнестойкость, металлическая конструкция, изгибаемость.
One of the types of tasks performed by specialists in the field of fire safety, is to assess the behavior of building structures during fire the who-action. In this article we will talk about some approaches in computer modelling of the fire resistance of flexible metal structures.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT ON THE THERMAL STABILITY AND FLAMMABILITY OF INTUMESCENT SILICONE COMPOSITION
Bezzaponnaya O.V., Golovina E.V., Mansurov T.H.
Keywords: simultaneous thermal analysis, thermal stability, accelerated climate ageing, silicone intumescent composition.
The article analyzes the influence of accelerated climatic ageing on the fire retardant function intumescent flame retardant composition based on silicone binder by thermal analysis. A reduction in the heat resistance and flame retardant ability of the composition under the influence of corrosive environment in a salt spray chamber, as evidenced by the data thermogravimetric, differential thermogravimetric methods and the method of differential scanning calorimetry.
MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF POLLUTANT TRANSFER IN CASE OF FIRE IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Kalach A.V., Solovyev A.S., Zybin D.G., Nesterov A.A.
Keywords: fire, pollutants, modeling, mathematical model, aerogenic transport of substances.
The proposed model of propagation of pollutants in a fire on the basis of the diffusion equation taking into account the movement of the medium relative to the earth's surface. The model contains basic equations of the classical aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, and the complexity of the task is overcome by using a discretization of space and the use of numerical calculation methods and the use of algorithms and programming to account for harsh outdoor conditions. The studies developed a mathematical model of aerogenic transport of pollutants taking into account horizontal and vertical movements of the air environment. The model allows to predict the configuration of the zones of contamination with substances of the specified type. A computer program was developed that implements the proposed model allows to reproduce a wide range of processes occurring during aerogenic transport and associated with the vertical movement of air masses, in particular, the rise of pollution and adherence to the surface, respectively, with upward and downward movement of air.
METHODS OF CALCULATING TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE BLAST RESISTANCE DESIGN OF BUILDINGS
Sednev V.A.
Keywords: explosive production, blast-proof buildings, measures to improve the explosion-resistance
The considered methods of calculation of safety structures, emergency ventilation, and limiting the area of evaporation, reducing explosive concentrations of combustible mixtures and the probability of an accidental explosion in enterprises.
FIRE SAFETY IN THE SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC VALUES OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA
Zaretsky A.D.
Keywords: fire, fire hazards, the human factor, the humanization of fire safety systems, civil society.
Statistics show that in Russia traditionally killed quite a number of people from the hazards of fires, unlike most economic developed countries of the world. Completed peer review shows the main reasons for this: the prevailing even in Soviet times approach to fire safety system device built on dominance of technical systems, involving only the buildings, premises and technical devices. Meanwhile, studies show that the main cause of fires (90%) is "the human factor", which the current system of fire safety in Russia almost did not take into account. In connection with the development of market economy and liberal-democratic component of humanitarian relations. Existing institutions influence in Russia on fire system operates satisfactorily. The article prompted a new institution in the system of fire safety in Russia titled: "management of fire safety. It seems that only the development of civil society in Russia, providing citizens to solve their personal problems of fire safety system, will reduce the threat of the emergence of dangerous factors of fires and their level of influence on people. To do this, it is advisable to restructure the entire legal system of fire safety in modern Russia and substantially complete it factors the socio-humanitarian content.
PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL CONDITIONS OF USING HEAT-INSULATING PLATES IN CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION IN THE NORTH-WEST REGION OF RUSSIA
Danilov I. L., medvedeva L.V.
Keywords: thermal regime of multi-layer vertical fencing, indoor humidity, normative moisture exchange, heat and moisture exchange calculation parameters, natural and forced ventilation.
The issues of heat, moisture, and air exchange in fences of buildings and constructions are considered from the point of view of building norms and rules; examples are given of the causes of violation of the standards of heat, moisture exchange in the presence of water vapor sources; recommended ways to eliminate possible condensation zones when using heat-insulating plates; the problems of natural and forced convection in the presence of ventilation gaps are discussed.
SUBSTANTIATION OF RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF PHOTOCATALYTIC AIR CLEANER
Zaynishev A.V., Polunin G.A.
Keywords: operational mobile teams, air purification, carbon dioxide, photocatalysis, led strip.
The article describes the principle of operation of developed photocatalytic air purifier is designed to improve conditions and labor protection personnel, operational teams, namely to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air cabins and Shelters cars. Justify the rational geometric dimensions, namely length and diameter of tube, in which the additional oxidation of dangerous carbon monoxide to relatively safe carbon dioxide. When determining the internal diameter of the duct cleaning device is proposed to focus on the dimensions of the led strip placed inside the tube of the duct. Also, take into account the level of irradiance of the ultraviolet rays of the surface of titanium dioxide, which is the process of photocatalysis, and laminarnet flowing in the pipe of flow of purified air.
THE CRIMINALISTICS ASPECTS OF INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES OF TERRORIST DIRECTION, PERFECTED WITH THE USE OF EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES AND EXPLOSIVE DEVICES AS THE ELEMENT OF ENSURING THE DOCTRINE OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Elfimov P.V., Vinogradova O.P., Efimov I.A.
Keywords: crimes of terrorist orientation, security, explosion, explosive devices, fire, forensic characteristics.
The article is devoted to a very topical topic, since terrorism is the most dangerous negative social phenomenon characterized by the possibility of inflicting damage to the rights and freedoms of citizens, the fundamentals of the constitutional order, integrity and security of the Russian Federation. Terrorist actions are most often expressed in an explosion, so we should dwell on the specific features of forensic support for the investigation of crimes of a terrorist nature committed with the use of explosives and explosive devices. Acts of terrorism using explosive devices are among the most dangerous types of terrorism, because as a result of such actions, the number of victims of crime increases substantially, the amount of property damage significantly grows, and ruins of buildings, structures, other life support facilities are turned into ruins. At present, the degree of development of the criminalistic aspect of the problem is still inadequate and does not allow law enforcement bodies to use the latest scientific methods and means in the fight against terrorism to the extent possible. All of the above indicates the relevance of a comprehensive scientific study of the problem of investigating acts of terrorism using explosive devices within a single system, the basis of which can be a model for investigating crimes of a terrorist nature using an explosive device.
TECHNOTERRORISM AS A THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Kosarev M.N., Kokorin D.L., Efimov I.A.
Keywords: security, threat, the national security strategy, terrorism, technological terrorism, technoterrorism.
In the article the authors consider the issues of ensuring security in the modern period of time from the point of view of such multi-vector threats as terrorism. The legal basis for building a security management system in the Russian Federation is called. The work contains a list of contemporary trends in terrorism as one of the global threats to all types of security. A detailed analysis of the use of scientific and technological progress in the creation, development and dissemination of the ideology and practice of terrorism is given. The approach to understanding the content of technological terrorism reveals its multiple social danger. The author's understanding of the use of all achievements of scientific and technical progress in terrorist activities is given. A thesis is formed on the need to evaluate existing and promising technologies for their use by terrorism and the formation of measures aimed at preventing this. The concept of technoterrorism as a modern phenomenon is formulated.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZATION OF PREPARATION OF SKILLED SPECIALISTS OF FIRE PREVENTION IN FIRST ONE THIRD OF THE XX CENTURY
Skipskiy G.A.
Keywords: system of training of personnel, fire techniques, practical and theoretical employments, fire techniques institute, fire college, general and special cycle, fire techniques courses, faculty of engineers of fire defensive.
The Article is sanctified to the analysis of becoming and development of the system of preparation of specialists for home fire prevention in first one third of the XX century. In the article specified, that becoming of this system restrained temper such factors, as there is a lack of financial resources, backwardness in area of fire techniques armament and equipment, but most important is a bureaucratism and tyranny of officials of Ministry of internal affairs of the Russian empire, not sparing to this problem of due attention. Historical experience of activity of the Saint Petersburg courses of the fire technicians created at support of volunteers and enthusiasts of business fireman in 1906 the estimation of potential of this educational establishment is Given, terms of receipt on studies, organization of educational and educator process, is analyzed in the article.
In the article attention is accented on circumstance that becoming actually of the system of preparation of skilled specialists takes place only after revolution 1917, thus actually this process began only on a border 1920 – 1930-th, when 16 educational establishments preparing fire technicians formed in metropolises the USSR. It is underlined that in maintenance of on-line tutorials and principles of organization of educational process a historical succession was traced with the courses of fire technicians of Saint Petersburg, as exactly their faculty advisors stood at the sources of becoming of soviet fire science.
In the article specified, that the next stage in development of the system of preparation of specialists of soviet fire prevention came in 1933 - 1934, when in Leningrad preparation of future engineers of fire safety began, and soviet fire prevention was again reorganized in the state NKVD by the USSR, that was reflected and on organization of educational and educator process in in all department educational establishments. A main historical lesson is seeing the increase of priority in development of fire techniques education, his mass character and practical availability.
2017 № 3 (16)
FIRE PREVENTION: THE PAST, THE PRESENT... THE FUTURE?
Shirinkin P.V., Shubkin R.G., Andreev Yu.A., Nikulin M.A.
Keywords: fire, prevention, problems, state fire supervision.
The article is devoted to important issues of the implementation of activities aimed at preventing the fires and minimizing their consequences. Tracing the phrases’ etymology "fire prevention", "fire prevention activity" and "delinquency prevention in the field of fire safety", actual problems of fighting fires in the Russian Federation and possible ways of their solution are considered in suggested article.
THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE INERTIA OF THE SPRINKLERS WITH A TEMPERATURE OF 79 ° C TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DYNAMICS OF DANGEROUS FACTORS OF A FIRE
Borodin A.A., Kornilov A.A., Bulatova V.V.
Ключевые слова: спринклер, инерционность спринклерного оросителя.
A short analysis of the relevance of the question of requiring evaluation of the inertia of the sprinklers. The main results of the testing of the sprinklers with a temperature of 79 °C taking into account the different dynamics of the temperature in the area of their placement.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE INERTIA OF THE SPRINKLERS WITH A TEMPERATURE 79 ºС OS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DYNAMICS OF DANGEROUS FACTORS OF A FIRE
Borodin A.A., Kornilov A.A.
Keywords: automatic fire suppression system, sprinkler, sprinklers inertia, the response time of sprinklers.
Presents a detailed analysis of the experimental data on the time of start of fire extinguishers sprinkler sprinkler with a temperature of 79 ° C taking into account the different dynamics of the temperature in the area of their placement. The formula for calculating the response time of the sprinkler depending on the intensity of the temperature increase.
A STUDY OF PYROLYSIS OF BIRCH WOOD BURNT WOOD BY THE METHOD OF SYNCHRONOUS THERMAL ANALYSIS AND MASS SPECTROMETRY
Halimov E.V., Bezzaponnaya O.V., Zyikov P.I.
Keywords: pyrolys of wood, simultaneous thermal analysis, mass spectrometry, processing of burnt wood.
Was studed possibility the use of birch wood burnt wood as raw material for producing charcoal, by the method of synchronous thermal analysis combined with mass spectrometry.
It is established that pyrolysis of burners wood reduces the exothermic effect in the temperature range 640 ÷ 900 ° C by 42% and the coke residue increase by 10.5%. The magnitude of the ion current of combustible gases and vapors for burnt wood is an order of magnitude lower than for dried wood, which indicates a decrease in the volumes of gases and vapors released. The obtained results of experimental studies allow to state about the principal possibility of using burnt wood as a raw material for obtaining charcoal, but with less energy effect.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOBILE SAFETY ZONE FOR RESCUE OF PHYSICALLY DISABLED PEOPLE AT THE FIRES ON PRODUCTION OBJECTS
Sharhun S.V., Startsev K.M.
Keywords: the fire, handicapped groups of the population, disabled people, a mobile safety zone, safety of disabled people at the fires, evacuation, life support systems, production buildings, technical solutions, transportation.
Results of work on development of the mobile safety zone intended for ensuring safety of life and human health with limited opportunities, disabled people and other handicapped groups of the population working at various production objects are presented in article. The detailed description of the offered mobile safety zone and the additional systems of the saving divisions aimed at providing activity at stay in this mobile safety zone before arrival is given.
CALCULATION OF MODERN HANDLINE FOG NOZZLES WATER EXPENSES IN DIFFERENT PRESSURE
Malyutin O.S.
Keywords: fire service, pump-hose systems, hydraulics & hydrodynamics, fire tactic, calculations, handline nozzles, extinguishing agent devices.
This paper is devoted to decision of problem of lack of information about the modern handline fog nozzles hydraulic characteristics. The actuality and necessity of such reference data is shown. Proposed handline nozzles water expense calculation method. Calculation examples shown. Getting water expenses tables for most common models of modern handline fog nozzles.
FEATURES OF TESTING OF FIRE PROTECTION MATERIALS INTUMESCENT TYPE BY THE METHOD OF THERMAL ANALYSIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF A HYDROCARBON FIRE
Bezzaponnaya O.V., Golovina E.V., Mansurov T.H.
Keywords: fire resistant intumescent materials, method of synchronous thermal analysis, platinum crucibles, exothermic effect.
It is established that the testing flame retardant materials intumescent type by the method of synchronous thermal analysis in corundum crucibles leads to the appearance of significant exothermic pseudoeffect that leads to false conclusions when interpreting the results of studies of fire-retardant materials. The authors concluded that the thermal analysis of intumescent flame retardant compositions should be carried out only in platinum crucibles.
ABOUT THE FORM, SIZES AND POWER OF THE MODEL FIRE site FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHERS TESTS
Sorokin I.A., Kozhevin D.F., Polyakov A.S.
Keywords: model fire site, fire extinguisher, power of heat flow, temperature field, gas burner.
In the article the author's version of the MOS - model of the fire (with using a gas burner), more convenient for carrying out fire tests fire extinguishers in assessing compliance of their characteristics with the requirements. Characteristics of the investigated MOS obtained in the result of the study, depending on the geometric dimensions and the flow rate of the combustible gas, to meet the standard requirements of the model fires.
CRITERIA FOR ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISORY ACTIVITIES OF STATE FIRE SUPERVISORY BODIES OF FEDERAL FIRIFIGHTING SERVICE OF EMERCOM of RUSSIA
Makarkin S.V., Vorobyova E.P., Kononenko E.V.
Keywords: criteria, efficiency, assessment, key indicators, indicative indicators, control and supervisory activities, bodies of state fire supervision, federal state fire supervision, verification, material damage, fire damage, dead in a fire, Injured in a fire.
The article is devoted to the definition of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the control and supervisory activities of the State Fire Supervision authorities of the Federal Firefighting Service of EMERCOM of Russia. The analysis of the previous method is carried out, key and indicators of the effectiveness and efficiency of the control and supervisory activities of the state fire safety authorities of the EMERCOM of Russia are determined. The methodology for determining the effectiveness of the control and surveillance activities of the State Fire Safety authorities of the Federal Firefighting Service of EMERCOM of Russia is proposed.
THE DECLARATION OF THE STATE OF EMERGENCY IN THE CONDITIONS OF STORM WIND: PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTIONS
Muraev N., Subachev S., Shishkin P.
Keywords: wind speed, natural disaster, criteria for an emergency, storm.
In the article some problem components are considered, connected with the criteria of information about emergency situations using the example of wind speed in difficult weather conditions. It is shown that this indicator does not correspond to actual circumstances, determined by the mass death of the population, damage to infrastructure facilities, and proposed changes in the guidelines for this area of protection from emergencies.
THE STATE OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN OREL REGION
Pavlova T. A., Uvarova M.N., Baranov Y.N.
Keywords: occupational injuries, occupational safety, the dynamics of injury in agriculture.
The article analyses the number of accidents, fatal injuries in the agricultural sector in the Orel region in comparison with the similar indicators in Russia. One of the difficulties of analysis of occupational traumatism and occupational diseases is the lack of complete data on cause and place of injury, as well as data on specific working conditions and indicators that affect the dynamics in this sphere.
2017 № 2 (15)
APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF THERMAL ANALYSIS FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE INTUMESCENT FLAME RETARDANTS
Bezzaponnaya O.V., Golovina E.V., Mansurov T.H., Akulov A.U.
Keywords: the method of thermal analysis, fire protection, flame retardant, flame retardants components, identification of fire-retardant coating, intumescent composition
To study the criteria of fire retardant efficiency of intumescent flame retardants, the authors have proposed the use of the method of thermal analysis. The analysis of thermograms obtained during the thermal analysis allows to identify the stage of the mass loss in thermogravimetric (TG) curve and using software to determine the exact values of the mass loss at given temperatures. Analysis of the differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curve allows to determine the temperature at which there is maximum rate of weight loss. The curve of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) determines the temperature highs endo - and exothermic peaks, and the magnitude of the heat effects (enthalpy change).
RESULTS OF IMITATING MODELLING OF PROCESS OF EVACUATION OF WORKERS OF OFFICE BUILDINGS OF JSC "RUSSIAN RAILWAYS" ON THE BASIS OF DATA OF NATURAL OBSERVATION AT APPLICATION OF THE PROGRAM SOUE-PK COMPLEX
Sharhun S.V., Sirina N.F.
Keywords: the warning system and managements of evacuation of people at the fire, management of process of evacuation of people, the duplicating way of the notification, reaction time, time of the beginning of evacuation, natural observation, imitating modeling.
Results of imitating modeling of process of evacuation from office buildings of JSC "Russian Railways" at application of the duplicating way of the notification of people at the fire are presented in article.
Dynamics of decrease in time of evacuation when using as various components of the duplicating way of the notification "SOUE-PK" and a totality of the offered functions is analysed.
ANALYSIS AND PROBLEMS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF FORENSIC-EXPERT INSTITUTION OF FEDERAL FIRE SERVICE IN THE URAL FEDERAL DISTRICT FOR THE YEAR 2016
Styazhkin V.V., Elesina U.K., Sheveleva I.G.
Keywords: fire, expertise, report, expert witness, specialist, proceeding, problems.
The article analyses the activities and problems of forensic-expert institution of Federal fire service in the Ural Federal district for the year 2016, analyzed key performance indicators from 2007 to the present.
Modeling of the BEHAVIOR OF HIGHER FULLERENES С84 WHEN HEATED IN ARGON ATMOSPHERE
Dan V.P., Barbin N.M., Terenitev D.I. , Alexeev S.G., Golovina E.V.
Keywords: higher fullerene, thermodynamic modeling, С84-Ar, thermophysical properties, phase distribution.
Thermodynamic modeling of the behavior of the representative higher fullerene С84 when heated in an inert environment at atmospheric pressure using the software complex "TERRA" was held. The distribution of carbon phases from the temperature in the system С84-Ar was plotted. The values of the thermophysical characteristics of the system plotted their values from the temperature.
STATISTICAL DATA FOR THE NATURE AND THE QUANTITY OF FIRE PRODUCTION IN UFD IN 2016 WITH THE ESTIMATION OF THE OPERATIONAL RESPONSE TIME
Karapuzikov A.A., Tikina I.V., Stavrinidi S.U., Kolmogorov D.S., Dyakov M.V., Belkin D.S.
Keywords: operational time of arrival, localization, fire, operational headquarters, fire-rescue units.
Due to more complicated field conditions with fires on the territory of the Ural Federal district of the Russian Federation (UFD) estimation of indicators of fire response activity of fire combat forces and means of local and regional garrisons was made for fires occurred over the period of three quarters of 2016 on the territory of the Ural Federal district. While estimation of response activity to fires occurred in urban and rural areas on the territory of the Urals Federal district, we analyzed a number of indicators: average time of fire alarm, average time of arrival of fire engines to a fire scene, average time of confinement, average time of elimination of open burning, average time of extinguishing fire, and average time of elimination of consequences of a fire. The analysis of data on firefighting management over a period of three quarters of 2016 provided by Chief Directorate of EMERCOM of Russia for subjects of the Urals Federal district allowed to prepare proposals aimed at improving the efficiency of extinguishing fires and conducting emergency rescue operations by fire-rescue units.
MODERNIZATION OF OPERATIVE-SERVICE VEHICLE BASED ON THE UAZ-31514
Terentev V.V., Filippov A.V., Zubarev I.A.
Keywords: modernization, low light, electrical device, spotlight.
The article offers the option of upgrading operational car on the chassis of the UAZ-31514 to work in conditions of Nurimanovskiy area, Republic of Bashkortostan. The reason for upgrading was the lack in the structure of the car communications and lighting. Before the technical solution is appropriate to apply in other divisions of EMERCOM of Russia.
IDENTIFICATION OF GASOLINE THERMAL IMPACT ON THE RESULTS OF A GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Dementiev F.A., Kleimenov A.V., Krasilnikov A.V.
Keywords: investigation of fires, arson, identification of gasolines, gas chromatography.
A study of British Petroleum gasoline of different degrees of burnup was carried out. It is shown that after burning, the relative content of aromatic hydrocarbons is retained with a retention time of more than 5 minutes. The obtained results can be used for the identification of motor fuels during fire-technical expertise.
Мodeling technique of technological process of economic profiles production
Parshin S. V.
Keywords: modelling, finite element analysis, tubes profiling, heat-exchangers, profile improvement.
Article is devoted to modeling of process of heat-technical appointment pipes profiling. An example of six-beam pipes with various ratio of profile radiuses is reviewed. Recommendations about improvement of ready pipe profile are made.
The prospects of application risk-focused approach in The Ural Institute of State Firefighting Service of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense in the conditions of updating of the ISO standards of a series 9000
Lupanova A.V., Kononenko E.V., Sofina A.V.
Keywords: risk-focused approach, educational organization, system of management of quality, context of the organization, risk management, quality of education.
Application risk-focused approach at training of specialists in the field of fire and technosphere safety will allow to increase quality of the provided educational services, and, respectively, competitiveness both graduates, and the educational organizations of the higher education of Emercom of Russia in general.
«WE WILL MAKE EVERY EFFORT FOR THE HELP TO THE FRONT, HEROIC RED ARMY…» (CADETS OF THE SVERDLOVSK PTSH VPO OF THE USSR NKVD IN THE YEARS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR)
Lozhkarev A.I., Barakovskikh M.V.
Keywords: wartime, Red Army, educational work, informing, staff.
The article describes the activities of the Sverdlovsk PTSH VPO of the USSR NKVD in the years of the great patriotic war. Participation of the commanders, teachers and students of the Sverdlovsk fire-technical school to assist the front.
2017 № 1 (14)
THE STUDY OF THE THERMAL STABILITY OF MODERN BUILDING MATERIALS BY THE METHOD OF SYNCHRONOUS THERMAL ANALYSIS
Bezzaponnaya O.V., Akulov A.U., Porhachyov M.U., Mansurov T.H., Krasil'nikova M.A., Dan V.P.
Keywords: resistance, modern construction materials, thermal analysis, starting weight loss.
Attempt to develop a unified approach to determine thermal stability (thermal stability) of modern building materials, both natural (organic and inorganic) and synthetic (organic, inorganic, polymer and complex). The analysis of the literature and obtained experimental data allowed as the primary method of analysis to distinguish the method of synchronous thermal analysis that allows to analyze materials of different chemical nature. Proposed as the primary criterion for evaluating thermal stability make the value of the onset temperature of weight loss of the stage of maximum mass loss during thermal decomposition.
ABOUT RESULTS OF NATURAL OBSERVATION OF CHANGE OF TIME OF RESPONSE OF PERSONNEL OF OFFICE BUILDINGS OF JSC "RUSSIAN RAILWAYS" TO THE MESSAGE ON THE FIRE AT APPLICATION OF THE PROGRAM SOUE-PK COMPLEX
Sharhun S.V., Sirina N.F., Shterenzon V.A.
Keywords: the warning system and managements of evacuation of people at the fire, management of process of evacuation of people, the duplicating way of the notification, reaction time, time of the beginning of evacuation.
Results of natural observation of evacuation of workers of office buildings of JSC "Russian Railways" are presented in article, taking into account various ways of the notification and time of their response to a signal is defined.
The comparative analysis of dynamics of average time of response to a signal "Fire" in the studied buildings depending on a way of the notification is carried out.
MATHEMATICAL RESEARCH OF APPLICATION OF THE PROGRAM SOUE-PK COMPLEX IN OFFICE BUILDINGS OF JSC "RUSSIAN RAILWAYS"
Sharhun S.V., Sirina N.F., Shterenzon V.A.
Keywords: the warning system and managements of evacuation of people at the fire, management of process of evacuation of people, the duplicating way of the notification, reaction time, time of the beginning of evacuation, mathematical laws of distribution, population mean, an average square deviation, natural observation.
Results of a mathematical research of application of the duplicating way of the notification of people at the fire in office buildings of JSC "Russian Railways" are presented in article.
Confidential level of a possibility of use of the considered mathematical laws of distribution for the description of time of response to a signal "Fire" depending on a way of the notification is determined. On the basis of the chosen law of distribution comparative assessment of efficiency of the notification at the fire depending on a way of the notification in comparison with standard values, and also the existing traditional ways of the notification has been executed.
Features of risk management in the preparation of specialists in the field of fire safety
Lupanova A.V., Kononenko E.V., Cherkasskij G.A., Sofina A.V.
Keywords: risk, risk management, management system.
The article shows the relationship of current approaches to security and risk management in the conditions of activity of educational organization firefighter profile.
The determination of the critical parameters of the foam generation on the grid foam generator average multiplicity
Koksharov A.V., Osypenko S.I.
Keywords: foam generator, foaming agent, the generation of foam, the density of the foam.
The main part of the fire departments has foam generators ГПС-600 and use the foaming agent ПO-6. Often, in practice, face with the violation of the mode of generation of foam, which may be related to failure modes of operation of foam equipment. We found and investigated the critical conditions for the operation of the foam generator of average multiplicity depending on the concentration of the solution of foaming agent PO-6.
SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF FIRE CASE FORCES COMMAND VOLUNTARY FIRE PROTECTION AND PREPARING PROPOSALS FOR THEIR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
Stavrinidi S.Y., Tikinа I.V., Tauafiev T.M.
Provides statistical data on fires in rural settlements of the Urals Federal district. Analyzes the creation and use of firemen Corps of the forces of voluntary fire protection for the period beginning 2016 October 18, 2016.
Keywords: fires in populated areas, voluntary fire brigade, the fire, the body forces DPO.
OVERCOMING DEFORMATION OF IDEAS ABOUT THE FORMATION OF FIRE SAFE BEHAVIOR AMONG STUDENTS OF JUNIOR CLASSES
Kaplan Y.B.
Keywords: fire safety, formation of fire safe behavior, training, fire safety measures, students of elementary grades, the curriculum, the culture of safety.
The article analyzes the main deformation in teaching the younger students about fire safety and in the formation of fireproof behavior to younger students. Analyzed the program of the course "Culture of safety" for educational institutions of the Sverdlovsk region. The main directions of the solution of forming a fireproof behaviour of younger pupils.
FORECASTING THE EFFECTS OF CHLORINE AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE SECURITY OF THE OBJECT
Brusnitsyna L.A., Murzin S. M., Ryazanov A.A, Pastuhov K.V.
Keywords: sewage treatment plant, object, prediction, emergency, chemical safety.
The aim of this work is solving a particular problem, namely the prediction of emergency situations associated with depressurization of the container body with liquid chlorine, as well as technical recommendations for improving security of the object.
Problematic issues in responding to a single public emergency warning system on the example of flooding in the Primorye Territory in 2016
Koshkarov R.V., Kvashnin A.V.
Keywords: emergency; unified state system of prevention and liquidation of consequences of emergency situations; flood; coordinate the work of federal bodies of executive power.
The article deals with an emergency in the Primorye Territory, due to the dangerous typhoon rains Layonrok flooding occurred in July and August 2016, which covered many areas of the Primorsky Territory. The system is Russian public security - unified state system of prevention and liquidation of consequences of emergency situations. The provision of humanitarian assistance to affected areas of the Primorsky Territory. Considered problematic issues in responding to a single public emergency warning system.
Organizational and legal aspects of fire service’s occupation in the Russian Federation
Ponukalin A.
Keywords: voluntary fire service, state support, subsidy, private fire service.
Questions of development of new types of fire service in the Russian Federation are considered in article. The transition tendency from traditional regulation of imperious government relationship with the shift of accents towards institutes of civil society is noted. The reasons interfering development of voluntary and private fire service are established.
CASE-STUDY METHOD IN PROFESSIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING FOR FUTURE FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERS
Ferapontova Yu. V., Vaganova I.V., Romanova I.N.
Keywords: case-study method, professional foreign-language training, future fire safety engineers, real situation, professional foreign language, professional activities.
Case-study method as one of the modern and effective techniques of professional foreign language teaching is provided. The advantages of this method applied on «Foreign language» lessons for the second and third year cadets are described in this article. It is revealed the main issues solved during application of case-study method in the course of professional foreign-language training of future fire safety engineers.
ABOUT SOME ASPECTS OF POLITICAL EDUCATION OF STAFF OF THE SVERDLOVSK FIRE AND TECHNICAL SCHOOL OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE USSR IN THE PERIOD OF «STAGNATION» (THE 70TH YEARS OF THE 20TH CENTURY)
Lozhkarev A.I., Barakovskikh M.V.
Keywords: «stagnation period», educational work, party meeting, informing, staff.
In article activities of fire protection of the Soviet Union in the 70th of the 20th century are described. The analysis of content and a condition of educational work in parts, divisions and educational institutions of fire protection in the period of "stagnation" is carried out. The system of political education of staff of the Sverdlovsk fire and technical school of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR is considered.
Historical experience of interaction of police and fire protection of the Russian Empire in the XVIII century
Skipskiy G.A.
Keywords: the regular police, conscription, Lieutenant-General of police, the district police officer, quarterly to the Lieutenant, supervisor, quarterly Commissioner, police captain, Dragoons, non-commissioned officers, a coup d'etat, fire office, fire expedition favorite.
The article is devoted to analysis of the processes of evolution of the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire in the XVIII century. This period has seen two major attempts to modernize the entire law enforcement system of the country - first by Peter I and in the last aunt of the eighteenth century is Catherine II. The article analyzes historical experience of interaction of divisions of fire protection and police, and specified that the processes of professionalization took place in parallel and in the framework of municipal self-government bodies.
The article focused on the inconsistency of the transformations of all the rulers of the Russian Empire reforms of the law enforcement system that was not only due to the influence of the relations of serfdom and socio-political instability in the period of Palace revolutions and major social upheavals.
The incompleteness of the development of the Central management system of fire protection was due to the negative influence of the traditions of favoritism, which hindered the transformation of the entire system of public administration of the Russian Empire throughout the eighteenth century
Главный исторический урок видеть в объективной необходимости внедрения принципов централизма и профессионализации всей правоохранительной системы, что позволит повысить эффективность мер по обеспечению общественной (в том числе пожарной) безопасности в городах Российской империи.